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      The potential role of N 7-methylguanosine (m7G) in cancer

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          Abstract

          N 7-methylguanosine (m7G), one of the most prevalent RNA modifications, has recently attracted significant attention. The m7G modification actively participates in biological and pathological functions by affecting the metabolism of various RNA molecules, including messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, microRNA, and transfer RNA. Increasing evidence indicates a critical role for m7G in human disease development, especially cancer, and aberrant m7G levels are closely associated with tumorigenesis and progression via regulation of the expression of multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Currently, the underlying molecular mechanisms of m7G modification in cancer are not comprehensively understood. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the potential function of m7G modifications in cancer and discuss future m7G-related diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

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          Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

          Hyuna Sung, Jacques Ferlay, Rebecca Siegel … (2021)
          This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.
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            Lung cancer: current therapies and new targeted treatments.

            Fred Hirsch, Giorgio Scagliotti, James L Mulshine … (2017)
            Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Every year, 1·8 million people are diagnosed with lung cancer, and 1·6 million people die as a result of the disease. 5-year survival rates vary from 4-17% depending on stage and regional differences. In this Seminar, we discuss existing treatment for patients with lung cancer and the promise of precision medicine, with special emphasis on new targeted therapies. Some subgroups, eg-patients with poor performance status and elderly patients-are not specifically addressed, because these groups require special treatment considerations and no frameworks have been established in terms of new targeted therapies. We discuss prevention and early detection of lung cancer with an emphasis on lung cancer screening. Although we acknowledge the importance of smoking prevention and cessation, this is a large topic beyond the scope of this Seminar.
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              Dynamic RNA Modifications in Gene Expression Regulation

              Molly E Evans, Ian A Roundtree, Tao Pan … (2017)
              Over 100 types of chemical modifications have been identified in cellular RNAs. While the 5' cap modification and the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNA play key roles in regulation, internal modifications are gaining attention for their roles in mRNA metabolism. The most abundant internal mRNA modification is N6-methyladenosine (m6A), and identification of proteins that install, recognize, and remove this and other marks have revealed roles for mRNA modification in nearly every aspect of the mRNA life cycle, as well as in various cellular, developmental, and disease processes. Abundant noncoding RNAs such as tRNAs, rRNAs, and spliceosomal RNAs are also heavily modified and depend on the modifications for their biogenesis and function. Our understanding of the biological contributions of these different chemical modifications is beginning to take shape, but it's clear that in both coding and noncoding RNAs, dynamic modifications represent a new layer of control of genetic information.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Nan Sun: sunnan@vip.126.com
                Jie He: prof.jiehe@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Hematol Oncol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Hematol Oncol
                Title: Journal of Hematology & Oncology
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1756-8722
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 May 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 19 May 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 15
                Electronic Location Identifier: 63
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.506261.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0706 7839, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, ; Beijing, 100021 China
                [2 ]GRID grid.506261.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0706 7839, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, ; Beijing, China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1285
                DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01285-5
                PMC ID: 9118743
                PubMed ID: 35590385
                SO-VID: 6b0bcc73-a1a5-47be-a835-a4137cc41219
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 28 March 2022
                Date accepted : 7 May 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012226, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities;
                Award ID: 3332018070
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Beijing Natural Science Foundation
                Award ID: J20010
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: National Key Basic Research Development Plan
                Award ID: 2018YFC1312105
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2022

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: n7-methylguanosine (m7g),rna modification,rna metabolism,cancer
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: n7-methylguanosine (m7g), rna modification, rna metabolism, cancer

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