Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon dots and their applications

Author(s): Tayline V. de Medeiros ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , John Manioudakis ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Farah Noun ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Jun-Ray Macairan ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Florence Victoria ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Rafik Naccache ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵

Publication date (Electronic): 2019

Journal: Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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Abstract

Carbon dots, an emerging class within the carbon allotrope family, have gained significant attention largely due to their versatile and tunable physico-chemical and optical properties.

Abstract

Carbon dots, an emerging class within the carbon allotrope family, have gained significant attention largely due to their versatile and tunable physico-chemical and optical properties. These quasi-spherical carbon nanomaterials, less than 10 nm in size, can be prepared using numerous synthesis strategies resulting in unique properties that can be exploited for a myriad of applications. This review examines the bottom-up synthesis of these dots with a focus on their microwave-assisted synthesis, which can be used to prepare hydrophilic, hydrophobic or even amphiphilic carbon dots. It also investigates their application to multiple fields including sensing, bioimaging, solar cells and catalysis. Finally, a discussion of the challenges and perspectives are provided.

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Xiaoyou Xu, Robert C. Ray, Yunlong Gu … (2004)

Arc-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes have been purified through preparative electrophoresis in agarose gel and glass bead matrixes. Two major impurities were isolated: fluorescent carbon and short tubular carbon. Analysis of these two classes of impurities was done. The methods described may be readily extended to the separation of other water-soluble nanoparticles. The separated fluorescent carbon and short tubule carbon species promise to be interesting nanomaterials in their own right.

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In situ immune response and mechanisms of cell damage in central nervous system of fatal cases microcephaly by Zika virus

Raimunda Azevedo, Jorge R. de Sousa, Marialva Araujo … (2018)

Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently caused a pandemic disease, and many cases of ZIKV infection in pregnant women resulted in abortion, stillbirth, deaths and congenital defects including microcephaly, which now has been proposed as ZIKV congenital syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the in situ immune response profile and mechanisms of neuronal cell damage in fatal Zika microcephaly cases. Brain tissue samples were collected from 15 cases, including 10 microcephalic ZIKV-positive neonates with fatal outcome and five neonatal control flavivirus-negative neonates that died due to other causes, but with preserved central nervous system (CNS) architecture. In microcephaly cases, the histopathological features of the tissue samples were characterized in three CNS areas (meninges, perivascular space, and parenchyma). The changes found were mainly calcification, necrosis, neuronophagy, gliosis, microglial nodules, and inflammatory infiltration of mononuclear cells. The in situ immune response against ZIKV in the CNS of newborns is complex. Despite the predominant expression of Th2 cytokines, other cytokines such as Th1, Th17, Treg, Th9, and Th22 are involved to a lesser extent, but are still likely to participate in the immunopathogenic mechanisms of neural disease in fatal cases of microcephaly caused by ZIKV.

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Carbon quantum dots and their applications.

Shi Lim, Wei Shen, Zhiqiang Gao (2015)

Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles or carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that have emerged recently and have garnered much interest as potential competitors to conventional semiconductor quantum dots. In addition to their comparable optical properties, CQDs have the desired advantages of low toxicity, environmental friendliness low cost and simple synthetic routes. Moreover, surface passivation and functionalization of CQDs allow for the control of their physicochemical properties. Since their discovery, CQDs have found many applications in the fields of chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. This article reviews the progress in the research and development of CQDs with an emphasis on their synthesis, functionalization and technical applications along with some discussion on challenges and perspectives in this exciting and promising field.