Paediatric Femoral Diaphyseal Fractures in a South Wales Tertiary Centre: An Account of Trend in Management and Complications Over 16 Years

Abstract

Femoral shaft fractures in children have seen a number of interesting developments over the past 20 years. This is a retrospective cohort study looking into epidemiological and outcomes data of femoral shaft fractures in children treated at a tertiary centre in Wales from 2005-2021. Over a period of 16 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of rigid or elastic nailing and submuscular plating, coinciding with a dramatic reduction of external fixation for definitive treatment of diaphyseal femoral fractures. All patients above five years of age underwent operative fixation, with elastic or rigid intramedullary nailing the treatment of choice. Following multiple linear regression with 16 possible explanatory factors, this study found a statistically significant increase in time to union for open fractures, pre-operative translation, and operation time. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in post-operative leg length discrepancy for right versus left-sided fractures. Overall complication rates were 4% for minor and 8% for major complications. Complication rates were lowest for rigid intramedullary nailing and highest for external fixation. No cases of avascular necrosis were found for 27 rigid intramedullary nails inserted. Overall this study reports treatment choices and outcomes in keeping with current trends in management for paediatric femoral shaft fractures.