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      Impacts of COVID-19 Quarantine and Isolation on Adolescent Social Functioning

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          Abstract

          This review discusses research conducted globally between March 2020 and March 2023 examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent social functioning, including their lifestyle, extracurricular activities, family environment, peer environment, and social skills. Research highlights the widespread impact, with largely negative effects. However, a handful of studies support improved quality of relationships for some young people. Study findings underscore the importance of technology for fostering social communication and connectedness during periods of isolation and quarantine. Most studies specifically examining social skills were cross-sectional and conducted in clinical populations, such as autistic or socially anxious youth. As such, it is critical that ongoing research examines the long-term social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and ways to promote meaningful social connectedness via virtual interactions.

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          Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19

          Maria Loades, Eleanor Chatburn, Nina Higson-Sweeney … (2020)
          Objective Disease containment of COVID-19 has necessitated widespread social isolation. We aimed to establish what is known about how loneliness and disease containment measures impact on the mental health in children and adolescents. Method For this rapid review, we searched MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, and Web of Science for articles published between 01/01/1946 and 03/29/2020. 20% of articles were double screened using pre-defined criteria and 20% of data was double extracted for quality assurance. Results 83 articles (80 studies) met inclusion criteria. Of these, 63 studies reported on the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of previously healthy children and adolescents (n=51,576; mean age 15.3) 61 studies were observational; 18 were longitudinal and 43 cross sectional studies assessing self-reported loneliness in healthy children and adolescents. One of these studies was a retrospective investigation after a pandemic. Two studies evaluated interventions. Studies had a high risk of bias although longitudinal studies were of better methodological quality. Social isolation and loneliness increased the risk of depression, and possibly anxiety at the time loneliness was measured and between 0.25 to 9 years later. Duration of loneliness was more strongly correlated with mental health symptoms than intensity of loneliness. Conclusion Children and adolescents are probably more likely to experience high rates of depression and probably anxiety during and after enforced isolation ends. This may increase as enforced isolation continues. Clinical services should offer preventative support and early intervention where possible and be prepared for an increase in mental health problems.
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            The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.

            R F Baumeister, M. R. Leary (1995)
            A hypothesized need to form and maintain strong, stable interpersonal relationships is evaluated in light of the empirical literature. The need is for frequent, nonaversive interactions within an ongoing relational bond. Consistent with the belongingness hypothesis, people form social attachments readily under most conditions and resist the dissolution of existing bonds. Belongingness appears to have multiple and strong effects on emotional patterns and on cognitive processes. Lack of attachments is linked to a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being. Other evidence, such as that concerning satiation, substitution, and behavioral consequences, is likewise consistent with the hypothesized motivation. Several seeming counterexamples turned out not to disconfirm the hypothesis. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that the need to belong is a powerful, fundamental, and extremely pervasive motivation.
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              An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives

              Andrew Campbell (2020)
              Though necessary to slow the spread of the novel Coronavirus (Covid-19), actions such as social-distancing, sheltering in-place, restricted travel, and closures of key community foundations are likely to dramatically increase the risk for family violence around the globe. In fact many countries are already indicating a dramatic increase in reported cases of domestic violence. While no clear precedent for the current crisis exists in academic literature, exploring the impact of natural disasters on family violence reports may provide important insight for family violence victim-serving professionals. Improving collaborations between human welfare and animal welfare agencies, expanding community partnerships, and informing the public of the great importance of reporting any concerns of abuse are all critical at this time.
              Article 0 comments Cited 354 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Curr Opin Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Curr Opin Psychol
                Title: Current Opinion in Psychology
                Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 2352-250X
                ISSN (Electronic): 2352-2518
                Publication date PMC-release: 1 June 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 June 2023
                Electronic Location Identifier: 101613
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
                [2 ]Division of Psychology and Behavioral Health, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
                [3 ]Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, And Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
                [4 ]Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
                [5 ]Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
                Author notes
                [∗ ] Corresponding author. , 460 Turner St. NW, Suite 207 Blacksburg, VA 24060. 540-231-8511.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2352-250X(23)00058-1 Publisher ID: 101613
                DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101613
                PMC ID: 10232930
                PubMed ID: 37364468
                SO-VID: 6a3a1270-d8d8-4df3-bba6-b784e3af826e
                Copyright © © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 29 April 2023
                Date revision received : 27 May 2023
                Date accepted : 28 May 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: covid-19,social development,adolescents,isolation,quarantine
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, social development, adolescents, isolation, quarantine

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