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      Efecto de las micorrizas arbusculares y Meloidogyne spp. en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Translated title: Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas and Meloidogyne spp. on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

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          Abstract

          El estudio se desarrolló en la Universidad de Granma (Cuba) en el período comprendido de octubre/2007 a enero/2008, para determinar los efectos de las micorrizas arbusculares y Meloidogyne spp., en el cultivo del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Vyta. Se utilizaron siete tratamientos, consistentes en aplicaciones simples y combinadas de un concentrado de cepas nativas y no nativas de micorrizas (Glomus mosseae (Gerdemann y Trappe) y Glomus sp. (Schenck y Smith), incluyendo un testigo y dos niveles poblacionales de Meloidogyne spp., con 30 repeticiones, los cuales se establecieron sobre un diseño completamente aleatorizado en condiciones semi-controladas, con arreglo factorial. Se utilizaron macetas de 2 kg de capacidad, que contenían un sustrato estéril, compuesto por una mezcla de suelo y estiércol ovino en proporción 3:1 v:v y una población de Meloidogyne spp. procedente de Granma. Se evaluaron las variables: índice de agallamiento e indicadores del crecimiento de las plantas: altura promedio (cm), masa seca promedio (g) y el rendimiento (kg.planta-1) a los 60 días después de la inoculación del nematodo. Los datos fueron procesados mediante un análisis de varianza y comparación de medias por la prueba del rango múltiple de Duncan (p<0,05). Los mejores resultados para los indicadores del crecimiento se obtuvieron cuando se aplicó el concentrado de cepas nativas y su combinación con Glomus mosseae y Glomus sp., y el menor índice de infestación del nematodo (1,5 huevos-juveniles infestivos (Ji).g-1 de sustrato). Sin embargo; al incrementar la concentración del inóculo a 2,5 huevos-juveniles infestivos (Ji).g-1 de sustrato, no hubo efecto significativo de las micorrizas arbusculares en la reducción de los daños producidos por Meloidogyne spp.

          Translated abstract

          This study was carried out at the University of Granma (Cuba) from October 2007 to January 2008 in order to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas and Meloidogyne spp. on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), var. Vyta. Seven treatments of single or combined applications of native and non-native strains(Glomus mosseae (Gerdemann and Trappe), and Glomus sp. (Schenck and Smith), of arbuscular mycorrhizas and an uninoculated control) and two levels of Meloidogine spp. were included in a completely randomized design set up in a factorial arrangement with thirty replicates under semi-controlled conditions. Two kg plastic pots containing a sterile substrate with a mixture of soil and ovine manure in a 3:1 v:v. ratio, as well as a population of Meloidogyne spp. from Granma were used. The gall index and plant growth parameters such as average height (cm), average dry weight (g) and crop yield (kg.plant-1) were evaluated 60 days after nematode inoculation. The data were analyzed by an analysis of variance and the means compared by Duncan's multiple range test (p<0,05). The results indicated that the plant growth parameters evaluated were higher when the native strain was combined with Glomus mosseae and Glomus sp. and the nematode infection level (1,5 eggs.g-1 substrate) was the lowest. However, when the inoculum concentration was increased to 2,5 eggs.g-1 substrate, no significant effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizas on the reduction of the damages produced by Meloidogyne spp. were observed.

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          Agroecology: the key role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in ecosystem services.

          The beneficial effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on plant performance and soil health are essential for the sustainable management of agricultural ecosystems. Nevertheless, since the 'first green revolution', less attention has been given to beneficial soil microorganisms in general and to AM fungi in particular. Human society benefits from a multitude of resources and processes from natural and managed ecosystems, to which AM make a crucial contribution. These resources and processes, which are called ecosystem services, include products like food and processes like nutrient transfer. Many people have been under the illusion that these ecosystem services are free, invulnerable and infinitely available; taken for granted as public benefits, they lack a formal market and are traditionally absent from society's balance sheet. In 1997, a team of researchers from the USA, Argentina and the Netherlands put an average price tag of US $33 trillion a year on these fundamental ecosystem services. The present review highlights the key role that the AM symbiosis can play as an ecosystem service provider to guarantee plant productivity and quality in emerging systems of sustainable agriculture. The appropriate management of ecosystem services rendered by AM will impact on natural resource conservation and utilisation with an obvious net gain for human society.
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            Protection of olive planting stocks against parasitism of root-knot nematodes by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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              INTERACCIÓN DE Glomus mosseae-Pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata Y Meloidogyne incognita EN TOMATE (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpv
                Revista de Protección Vegetal
                Rev. Protección Veg.
                Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (La Habana, , Cuba )
                1010-2752
                2224-4697
                December 2013
                : 28
                : 3
                : 219-223
                Affiliations
                [02] Granma orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de Granma orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Manzanillo Cuba
                [01] Granma orgnameUniversidad de Granma Cuba aalarconz@ 123456udg.co.cu
                [03] La Paz orgnameCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR) México
                Article
                S1010-27522013000300010 S1010-2752(13)02800310
                69fcd654-8104-4ae8-be9e-00b72c8972a8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 May 2013
                : 30 January 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                COMUNICACIONES CORTAS

                Meloidogyne spp.,Glomus mosseae,Glomus sp.
                Meloidogyne spp., Glomus mosseae, Glomus sp.

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