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      Integrating Wikipedia editing into health professions education: a curricular inventory and review of the literature

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia read by millions seeking medical information. To provide health professions students with skills to critically assess, edit, and improve Wikipedia’s medical content, a skillset aligned with evidence-based medicine (EBM), Wikipedia courses have been integrated into health professions schools’ curriculum. This literature review and curricular inventory of Wikipedia educational initiatives provides an overview of current approaches and identifies directions for future initiatives and research.

          Methods

          Five databases were searched for articles describing educational interventions to train health professional students to edit Wikipedia. Course dashboards, maintained by Wiki Education (Wiki Edu), were searched for curricular materials. From these sources, key details were extracted and synthesized, including student and instructor type, course content, educational methods, and student outcomes.

          Results

          Six articles and 27 dashboards reported courses offered between 2015 and 2019. Courses were predominantly offered to medical and nursing students. Instructors delivered content via videos, live lectures, and online interactive modules. Course content included logistics of Wikipedia editing, EBM skills, and health literacy. All courses included assignments requiring students to edit Wikipedia independently or in groups. Limited details on assessment of student learning were available.

          Discussion

          A small but growing number of schools are training health professions education students to improve Wikipedia’s medical content. Course details are available on Wiki Edu dashboards and, to a lesser extent, in peer-reviewed publications. While more needs to be done in conducting and sharing assessment of student learning, integrating Wikipedia into health professions education has potential to facilitate learning of EBM and communication skills, improve Wikipedia’s online content, and engage students with an autonomous environment while learning. Future considerations should include a thorough assessment of student learning and practices, a final review of student edits to ensure they follow Wikipedia’s guidelines and are written in clear language, and improved sharing of teaching resources by instructors.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1007/s40037-020-00620-1) contains supplementary material.

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          Most cited references30

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          Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't

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            Communication Skills Training for Physicians Improves Patient Satisfaction.

            Skilled physician communication is a key component of patient experience. Large-scale studies of exposure to communication skills training and its impact on patient satisfaction have not been conducted.
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              Seeking health information online: does Wikipedia matter?

              OBJECTIVE To determine the significance of the English Wikipedia as a source of online health information. DESIGN The authors measured Wikipedia's ranking on general Internet search engines by entering keywords from MedlinePlus, NHS Direct Online, and the National Organization of Rare Diseases as queries into search engine optimization software. We assessed whether article quality influenced this ranking. The authors tested whether traffic to Wikipedia coincided with epidemiological trends and news of emerging health concerns, and how it compares to MedlinePlus. MEASUREMENTS Cumulative incidence and average position of Wikipedia compared to other Web sites among the first 20 results on general Internet search engines (Google, Google UK, Yahoo, and MSN, and page view statistics for selected Wikipedia articles and MedlinePlus pages. RESULTS Wikipedia ranked among the first ten results in 71-85% of search engines and keywords tested. Wikipedia surpassed MedlinePlus and NHS Direct Online (except for queries from the latter on Google UK), and ranked higher with quality articles. Wikipedia ranked highest for rare diseases, although its incidence in several categories decreased. Page views increased parallel to the occurrence of 20 seasonal disorders and news of three emerging health concerns. Wikipedia articles were viewed more often than MedlinePlus Topic (p = 0.001) but for MedlinePlus Encyclopedia pages, the trend was not significant (p = 0.07-0.10). CONCLUSIONS Based on its search engine ranking and page view statistics, the English Wikipedia is a prominent source of online health information compared to the other online health information providers studied.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                lauren.maggio@usuhs.edu , http://www.twitter.com/laurenmaggio
                Journal
                Perspect Med Educ
                Perspect Med Educ
                Perspectives on Medical Education
                Bohn Stafleu van Loghum (Houten )
                2212-2761
                2212-277X
                8 October 2020
                8 October 2020
                December 2020
                : 9
                : 6
                : 333-342
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.265436.0, ISNI 0000 0001 0421 5525, Department of Medicine, , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, ; Bethesda, MD USA
                [2 ]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, CA USA
                [3 ]GRID grid.265436.0, ISNI 0000 0001 0421 5525, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, ; Bethesda, MD USA
                [4 ]GRID grid.414148.c, ISNI 0000 0000 9402 6172, CHEO Research Institute, and the Wikipedian in Residence for Cochrane, ; Ottawa, Ontario Canada
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2997-6133
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8687
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-6562
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0730-8190
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-5667
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1141-9619
                Article
                620
                10.1007/s40037-020-00620-1
                7718341
                33030643
                69cbc6a5-9028-48d6-9578-342106f21c1a
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 25 March 2020
                : 12 September 2020
                : 15 September 2020
                Categories
                Review Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Education
                wikipedia,evidence-based medicine,critical appraisal
                Education
                wikipedia, evidence-based medicine, critical appraisal

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