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      Área de conservación Guanacaste Echinoderms, North Pacific of Costa Rica Translated title: Equinodermos del Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: The study of the marine diversity of the North Pacific of Costa Rica began with isolated foreign expeditions in the 1930s and was systematically developed in the mid-1990s by the Center for Research in Marine Sciences and Limnology, Universidad de Costa Rica, as consequence there are now a total of 1 479 reported species in this region. Objective: Present an update to the echinoderm richness of the Guanacaste Conservation Area. Methods: We sampled 25 localities exhaustively and estimated similarity between sites based on the family richness and environmental heterogeneity. Results: We found 61 taxa, which represent 26 % of the echinoderm reported species for the country’s Pacific coast. Of these, 43 species are new records for the Guanacaste Conservation Area, and seven for Costa Rica and Central American Pacific coasts. We found three morpho-species that do not match to available descriptions of the Eastern Tropical Pacific echinoderm species. We also found the holothuroid Epitomapta tabogae, and the ophiuroid Ophioplocus hancocki, previously thought endemic to Panama and the Galapagos Islands, respectively. The proximity of the sampled sites and the redundancy of certain families may explain why we did not find important differences among localities. Conclusions: The echinoderm richness of this conservation area is at least 20 % higher than previously reported, reaching similar levels to those in other high diversity sites of the Eastern Tropical Pacific.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: El estudio de la diversidad marina del Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica inició con expediciones extranjeras aisladas en la década de 1930, y fue desarrollado sistemáticamente a mediados de la década de 1990 por el Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología de la Universidad de Costa Rica, como consecuencia ahora se reporta un total de 1 479 especies en esta región. Objetivo: Presentar una actualización de la riqueza de equinodermos del Área de Conservación Guanacaste. Métodos: Realizamos muestreos exhaustivos en 25 localidades y estimamos la similitud entre sitios con base en la riqueaza de familias y la heterogeneidad ambiental. Resultados: Encontramos 61 taxa, que representan el 26% de las especies reportadas para la costa pacífica del país. De estas, 43 especies son nuevos registros para el Área de Conservación Guanacaste y siete para las costas de Costa Rica y el Pacífico centroamericano. Tres morfoespecies no coinciden con las descripciones disponibles para las especies del Pacífico Tropical Oriental. Por último, hallamos un ejemplar del holoturoideo Epitomapta tabogae y otro del ofiuroideo Ophioplocus hancocki, considerados endémicos para Panamá y las Islas Galápagos respectivamente. La proximidad entre los sitios muestreados y la redundancia de ciertas familias pueden explicar por qué no se encontraron diferencias entre las localidades. Conclusiones: La riqueza de equinodermos de esta área de conservación es al menos 20% mayor que la reportada anteriormente, alcanzando niveles similares a los de otros sitios de alta diversidad del Pacífico Tropical Oriental.

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          Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services.

          Human-dominated marine ecosystems are experiencing accelerating loss of populations and species, with largely unknown consequences. We analyzed local experiments, long-term regional time series, and global fisheries data to test how biodiversity loss affects marine ecosystem services across temporal and spatial scales. Overall, rates of resource collapse increased and recovery potential, stability, and water quality decreased exponentially with declining diversity. Restoration of biodiversity, in contrast, increased productivity fourfold and decreased variability by 21%, on average. We conclude that marine biodiversity loss is increasingly impairing the ocean's capacity to provide food, maintain water quality, and recover from perturbations. Yet available data suggest that at this point, these trends are still reversible.
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            Gene Flow and Isolation among Populations of Marine Animals

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbt
                Revista de Biología Tropical
                Rev. biol. trop
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San José, San José, Costa Rica )
                0034-7744
                0034-7744
                March 2021
                : 69
                : suppl 1
                : 487-500
                Affiliations
                [2] San Pedro orgnameUniversidad de Costa Rica orgdiv1Escuela de Biología Costa Rica
                [1] San Pedro orgnameUniversidad de Costa Rica orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Costa Rica jose.chaconmonge@ 123456ucr.ac.cr
                [3] San Pedro orgnameUniversidad de Costa Rica orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical Costa Rica
                Article
                S0034-77442021000500487 S0034-7744(21)06900000487
                10.15517/rbt.v69isuppl.1.46391
                69bf0791-5c97-4d79-833c-1a7eaba47a9e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 July 2020
                : 27 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica


                Islas Murciélago,Santa Elena,Echinodermata,taxonomía,colecciones científicas,afloramiento costero,taxonomy,scientific collections,coastal upwelling,Murciélago Islands

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