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      Copper (I)‐BOX Catalyzed Asymmetric 3‐Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Propargylic Ethers and Anilines**

      1 , 1
      Angewandte Chemie International Edition
      Wiley

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          Abstract

          An asymmetric 3‐component reaction between EthynylBenziodoXoles (EBXs), 2,2,2‐trifluorodiazoethane and nucleophiles catalyzed by a Cu I‐BOX (Bisoxazoline) catalyst is described. This protocol gives access to chiral trifluoromethylated propargyl ethers and anilines, which are valuable building blocks in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. The reaction proceeds with high enantioselectivity and yield with different nucleophiles such as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, as well as both electron‐rich and electron‐poor anilines. Aryl‐, alkyl‐ and silyl‐substituted alkynes can be successfully introduced as electrophiles. In case of chiral substrates, high catalyst control was observed, leading to good diastereoselectivity.

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          Fluorine in pharmaceuticals: looking beyond intuition.

          Fluorine substituents have become a widespread and important drug component, their introduction facilitated by the development of safe and selective fluorinating agents. Organofluorine affects nearly all physical and adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of a lead compound. Its inductive effects are relatively well understood, enhancing bioavailability, for example, by reducing the basicity of neighboring amines. In contrast, exploration of the specific influence of carbon-fluorine single bonds on docking interactions, whether through direct contact with the protein or through stereoelectronic effects on molecular conformation of the drug, has only recently begun. Here, we review experimental progress in this vein and add complementary analysis based on comprehensive searches in the Cambridge Structural Database and the Protein Data Bank.
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            The many roles for fluorine in medicinal chemistry.

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              Applications of Fluorine in Medicinal Chemistry.

              The role of fluorine in drug design and development is expanding rapidly as we learn more about the unique properties associated with this unusual element and how to deploy it with greater sophistication. The judicious introduction of fluorine into a molecule can productively influence conformation, pKa, intrinsic potency, membrane permeability, metabolic pathways, and pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, (18)F has been established as a useful positron emitting isotope for use with in vivo imaging technology that potentially has extensive application in drug discovery and development, often limited only by convenient synthetic accessibility to labeled compounds. The wide ranging applications of fluorine in drug design are providing a strong stimulus for the development of new synthetic methodologies that allow more facile access to a wide range of fluorinated compounds. In this review, we provide an update on the effects of the strategic incorporation of fluorine in drug molecules and applications in positron emission tomography.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                Angewandte Chemie International Edition
                Angew Chem Int Ed
                Wiley
                1433-7851
                1521-3773
                August 07 2023
                July 03 2023
                August 07 2023
                : 62
                : 32
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (LCSO-ISIC-EPFL) and National Centre of Competence and Research (NCCR Catalysis) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
                Article
                10.1002/anie.202305776
                696b5aba-d56b-4c10-85a9-5e1ea204bd60
                © 2023

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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