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      Music therapy for mental disorder and mental health: the untapped potential of Indian classical music

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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: BJPsych International
      Publisher: The Royal College of Psychiatrists

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          Abstract

          Music is a universal human trait. The healing power of music has been acknowledged in almost all traditions of music. Music therapy is moving from a social-science model focusing on overall health and well-being towards a neuroscience model focusing on specific elements of music and its effect on sensorimotor, language and cognitive functions. The handful of evidence-based music therapy studies on psychiatric conditions have shown promising results. Traditional music, such as Indian classical music, has only recently been evaluated in evidence-based research into music therapy. The need for systematic research in this area is underscored.

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          Music, the food of neuroscience?

          Robert J. Zatorre, James McGill (2005)
          Article 0 comments Cited 85 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The Paradox of Music-Evoked Sadness: An Online Survey

            Liila Taruffi, Stefan Koelsch (2014)
            This study explores listeners’ experience of music-evoked sadness. Sadness is typically assumed to be undesirable and is therefore usually avoided in everyday life. Yet the question remains: Why do people seek and appreciate sadness in music? We present findings from an online survey with both Western and Eastern participants (N = 772). The survey investigates the rewarding aspects of music-evoked sadness, as well as the relative contribution of listener characteristics and situational factors to the appreciation of sad music. The survey also examines the different principles through which sadness is evoked by music, and their interaction with personality traits. Results show 4 different rewards of music-evoked sadness: reward of imagination, emotion regulation, empathy, and no “real-life” implications. Moreover, appreciation of sad music follows a mood-congruent fashion and is greater among individuals with high empathy and low emotional stability. Surprisingly, nostalgia rather than sadness is the most frequent emotion evoked by sad music. Correspondingly, memory was rated as the most important principle through which sadness is evoked. Finally, the trait empathy contributes to the evocation of sadness via contagion, appraisal, and by engaging social functions. The present findings indicate that emotional responses to sad music are multifaceted, are modulated by empathy, and are linked with a multidimensional experience of pleasure. These results were corroborated by a follow-up survey on happy music, which indicated differences between the emotional experiences resulting from listening to sad versus happy music. This is the first comprehensive survey of music-evoked sadness, revealing that listening to sad music can lead to beneficial emotional effects such as regulation of negative emotion and mood as well as consolation. Such beneficial emotional effects constitute the prime motivations for engaging with sad music in everyday life.
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              Music therapy for depression

              Anna Maratos, Christian Gold, Xu Wang … (2008)
              Depression is a highly prevalent disorder associated with reduced social functioning, impaired quality of life, and increased mortality. Music therapy has been used in the treatment of a variety of mental disorders, but its impact on those with depression is unclear. To examine the efficacy of music therapy with standard care compared to standard care alone among people with depression and to compare the effects of music therapy for people with depression against other psychological or pharmacological therapies. CCDANCTR-Studies and CCDANCTR-References were searched on 7/11/2007, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, PsycLit, PSYindex, and other relevant sites were searched in November 2006. Reference lists of retrieved articles were hand searched, as well as specialist music and arts therapies journals. All randomised controlled trials comparing music therapy with standard care or other interventions for depression. Data on participants, interventions and outcomes were extracted and entered onto a database independently by two review authors. The methodological quality of each study was also assessed independently by two review authors. The primary outcome was reduction in symptoms of depression, based on a continuous scale. Five studies met the inclusion criteria of the review. Marked variations in the interventions offered and the populations studied meant that meta-analysis was not appropriate. Four of the five studies individually reported greater reduction in symptoms of depression among those randomised to music therapy than to those in standard care conditions. The fifth study, in which music therapy was used as an active control treatment, reported no significant change in mental state for music therapy compared with standard care. Dropout rates from music therapy conditions appeared to be low in all studies. Findings from individual randomised trials suggest that music therapy is accepted by people with depression and is associated with improvements in mood. However, the small number and low methodological quality of studies mean that it is not possible to be confident about its effectiveness. High quality trials evaluating the effects of music therapy on depression are required.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BJPsych Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BJPsych Int
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BJPI
                Title: BJPsych International
                Publisher: The Royal College of Psychiatrists
                ISSN (Print): 2056-4740
                ISSN (Electronic): 2058-6264
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 May 2017
                Publication date Collection: May 2017
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 31-33
                Affiliations
                [1]Neuropsychology Unit and Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India, email shantala.hegde@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: BJPI-14-31
                PMC ID: 5618810
                PubMed ID: 29093934
                SO-VID: 68ba1df6-d0cd-4133-9cb6-a65e0e86336a
                Copyright © © 2017 The Royal College of Psychiatrists
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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                Subject: Thematic Paper

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