Dimension dependency of tungsten oxide for efficient gas sensing

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

In this review, the impact of the structure dimensionality and surface morphologies of WO ₃ for efficient detection of gases such as H ₂, NH ₃, H ₂S, CO, O ₃, VOCs etc. along with the influence of surface functionalization and doping has been discussed.

Abstract

Air pollution is a serious concern worldwide as it affects living beings and the environment due to the release of hazardous gases and particulate matter. The major cause of pollution is toxic gases which are released by industries, automobiles, waste and stubble burning, etc. In order to detect and monitor toxic gases like CO, NO _x, H ₂S, SO ₂, NH ₃ etc., metal oxide-based gas sensors are developed owing to their exotic properties such as high sensitivity, rapid response, and recyclability as well as long stability. Among these metal oxides, tungsten oxide (WO ₃) is a transition metal oxide having enormous potential in gas-sensing applications. It is perceived that the morphology of tungsten oxide plays a significant role in the effective detection of these hazardous gases. The low dimension (0D, 1D, 2D) and hierarchical structures of WO ₃ exhibit enhanced sensitivity and are utilized for efficient sensing of various gases. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the effect of the morphology of tungsten oxide nanostructures and their application in detection of gases such as H ₂, NH ₃, H ₂S, CO, O ₃, VOCs etc. Further, the sensing mechanism along with the impact of surface functionalization and doping has been discussed. The challenges in the field and future prospects have also been discussed.

Related collections

Most cited references 154

Record: found
Abstract: not found
Article: not found

Nanoscale metal oxide-based heterojunctions for gas sensing: A review

Derek R. Miller, Sheikh A. Akbar, Patricia Morris (2014)

0 comments Cited 327 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Electrospun Nanofibers: New Concepts, Materials, and Applications

Jiajia Xue, Jingwei Xie, Wenying Liu … (2017)

Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique that relies on the electrostatic repulsion between surface charges to continuously draw nanofibers from a viscoelastic fluid. It has been applied to successfully produce nanofibers, with diameters down to tens of nanometers, from a rich variety of materials, including polymers, ceramics, small molecules, and their combinations. In addition to solid nanofibers with a smooth surface, electrospinning has also been adapted to generate nanofibers with a number of secondary structures, including those characterized by a porous, hollow, or core-sheath structure. The surface and/or interior of such nanofibers can be further functionalized with molecular species or nanoparticles during or after an electrospinning process. In addition, electrospun nanofibers can be assembled into ordered arrays or hierarchical structures by manipulation of their alignment, stacking, and/or folding. All of these attributes make electrospun nanofibers well-suited for a broad spectrum of applications, including those related to air filtration, water purification, heterogeneous catalysis, environmental protection, smart textiles, surface coating, energy harvesting/conversion/storage, encapsulation of bioactive species, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Over the past 15 years, our group has extensively explored the use of electrospun nanofibers for a range of applications. Here we mainly focus on two examples: (i) use of ceramic nanofibers as catalytic supports for noble-metal nanoparticles and (ii) exploration of polymeric nanofibers as scaffolding materials for tissue regeneration. Because of their high porosity, high surface area to volume ratio, well-controlled composition, and good thermal stability, nonwoven membranes made of ceramic nanofibers are terrific supports for catalysts based on noble-metal nanoparticles. We have investigated the use of ceramic nanofibers made of various oxides, including SiO2, TiO2, SnO2, CeO2, and ZrO2, as supports for heterogeneous catalysts based on noble metals such as Au, Pt, Pd, and Rh. On the other hand, the diameter, composition, alignment, porosity, and surface properties of polymeric nanofibers can be engineered in a controllable fashion to mimic the hierarchical architecture of an extracellular matrix and help manipulate cell behaviors for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. To this end, we can mimic the native structure and morphology of the extracellular matrix in tendon using uniaxially aligned nanofibers; we can use radially aligned nanofibers to direct the migration of cells from the periphery to the center in an effort to speed up wound healing; and we can also use uniaxially aligned nanofibers to guide and expedite the extension of neurites for peripheral nerve repair. Furthermore, we can replicate the anatomic structures at the tendon-to-bone insertion using nanofiber scaffolds with graded mineral coatings. In this Account, we aim to demonstrate the unique capabilities of electrospun nanofibers as porous supports for heterogeneous catalysis and as functional scaffolds for tissue regeneration by concentrating on some of the recent results.