Novel antifungal activity of oligostyrylbenzenes compounds on <i>Candida tropicalis</i> biofilms

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Abstract

As sessile cells of fungal biofilms are at least 500-fold more resistant to antifungal drugs than their planktonic counterparts, there is a requirement for new antifungal agents. Olygostyrylbenzenes (OSBs) are the first generation of poly(phenylene)vinylene dendrimers with a gram-positive antibacterial activity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of four OSBs (1, 2, 3, and 4) on planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida tropicalis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the planktonic population and the sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations (SMIC) were determined. Biofilm eradication was studied by crystal violet stain and light microscopy (LM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was also utilized in conjunction with the image analysis software COMSTAT. Although all the OSBs studied had antifungal activity, the cationic OSBs were more effective than the anionic ones. A significant reduction of biofilms was observed at MIC and supraMIC50 (50 times higher than MIC) for compound 2, and at supraMIC50 with compound 3. Alterations in surface topography and the three-dimensional architecture of the biofilms were evident with LM and CLSM. The LM analysis revealed that the C. tropicalis strain produced a striking biofilm with oval blastospores, pseudohyphae, and true hyphae. CLSM images showed that a decrease occurred in the thickness of the mature biofilms treated with the OSBs at the most effective concentration for each one. The results obtained by microscopy were supported by those of the COMSTAT program. Our results revealed an antibiofilm activity, with compound 2 being a potential candidate for the treatment of C. tropicalis infections.

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This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of four OSBs (1, 2, 3, and 4) on planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida tropicalis. Our results revealed an antibiofilm activity, with compound 2 being a potential candidate for the treatment of C. tropicalis infections.

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Biofilms: Microbial Life on Surfaces

Rodney M. Donlan (2002)

Microorganisms attach to surfaces and develop biofilms. Biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down- regulation of specific genes. Attachment is a complex process regulated by diverse characteristics of the growth medium, substratum, and cell surface. An established biofilm structure comprises microbial cells and EPS, has a defined architecture, and provides an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between cells. Cells may also communicate via quorum sensing, which may in turn affect biofilm processes such as detachment. Biofilms have great importance for public health because of their role in certain infectious diseases and importance in a variety of device-related infections. A greater understanding of biofilm processes should lead to novel, effective control strategies for biofilm control and a resulting improvement in patient management.

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Initiation of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 proceeds via multiple, convergent signalling pathways: a genetic analysis.

George O'Toole, Roberto Kolter (1998)

Populations of surface-attached microorganisms comprising either single or multiple species are commonly referred to as biofilms. Using a simple assay for the initiation of biofilm formation (e.g. attachment to an abiotic surface) by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain WCS365, we have shown that: (i) P. fluorescens can form biofilms on an abiotic surface when grown on a range of nutrients; (ii) protein synthesis is required for the early events of biofilm formation; (iii) one (or more) extracytoplasmic protein plays a role in interactions with an abiotic surface; (iv) the osmolarity of the medium affects the ability of the cell to form biofilms. We have isolated transposon mutants defective for the initiation of biofilm formation, which we term surface attachment defective (sad). Molecular analysis of the sad mutants revealed that the ClpP protein (a component of the cytoplasmic Clp protease) participates in biofilm formation in this organism. Our genetic analyses suggest that biofilm formation can proceed via multiple, convergent signalling pathways, which are regulated by various environmental signals. Finally, of the 24 sad mutants analysed in this study, only three had defects in genes of known function. This result suggests that our screen is uncovering novel aspects of bacterial physiology.

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Fungal Biofilm Resistance

Gordon Ramage, Ranjith Rajendran, Leighann Sherry … (2012)

Fungal biofilm infections have become increasingly recognised as a significant clinical problem. One of the major reasons behind this is the impact that these have upon treatment, as antifungal therapy often fails and surgical intervention is required. This places a large financial burden on health care providers. This paper aims to illustrate the importance of fungal biofilms, particularly Candida albicans, and discusses some of the key fungal biofilm resistance mechanisms that include, extracellular matrix (ECM), efflux pump activity, persisters, cell density, overexpression of drug targets, stress responses, and the general physiology of the cell. The paper demonstrates the multifaceted nature of fungal biofilm resistance, which encompasses some of the newest data and ideas in the field.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Medical Mycology

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

ISSN (Print): 1369-3786

ISSN (Electronic): 1460-2709

Publication date Created: March 2021

Publication date Created: March 04 2021

Publication date Created: June 15 2020

Publication date Other: March 2021

Publication date (Print): March 04 2021

Publication date (Electronic): June 15 2020

Volume: 59

Issue: 3

Pages: 244-252

Affiliations

[1 ]IMBIV – CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina

[2 ]Departamento de Cs. Farmacéuticas, Fac. de Cs. Químicas, Univ. Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina

[3 ]Cátedra de Microbiología, Fac. de Cs. Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Univ. Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina

[4 ]Fac. de Farmacia de Albacete, Centro Regional de Inv. Biomédicas, Univ. de Castilla-La Mancha, España

[5 ]UNITEFA – CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina

Article

DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa046

PubMed ID: 32539092

SO-VID: 6790ba17-37d5-415a-908f-e7a1d22120f0

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https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model

Novel antifungal activity of oligostyrylbenzenes compounds on Candida tropicalis biofilms

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Biofilms: Microbial Life on Surfaces

Initiation of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 proceeds via multiple, convergent signalling pathways: a genetic analysis.

Fungal Biofilm Resistance

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