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      Evaluation of Tooth Size in Patients with Congenitally-Missing Teeth

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          Hypodontia is a common developmental abnormality of dentition. This study aimed to determine tooth width in patients affected with mild hypodontia and compare the results with a control group without tooth agenesis.

          Materials and methods

          The orthodontic records of 25 patients with congenital missing of one or two teeth (hypodontia group), and 25 subjects with full dentition (control group) were selected. The greatest mesiodistal width of each tooth was measured on the study models by a digital caliper. Tooth width measurements were compared between the groups using a student t-test at p < 0.05 of significance.

          Results

          Patients with hypodontia showed narrower teeth than the control subjects. The differences in tooth size between the two groups were statistically significant for the first and second premolars and first molar in the maxillary right and for the second premolar in the maxillary left quadrants (p < 0.05). In the lower arch, the first and second premolars and also first molar in both sides of hypodontia patients demonstrated significant reduction in tooth size compared to the control group (p < 0.05).

          Conclusion

          These findings suggest that patients with mild hypodontia have narrower teeth than normal subjects especially in posterior segments, which may have clinical implications during the orthodontic treatment process.

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          Most cited references32

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          A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth.

          A. L. Hof, Sven P. F. I. van Ommeren, Robert Kuijpers … (2004)
          To gain more insight into the prevalence of dental agenesis. Data from Caucasian populations in North America, Australia and Europe were included in a meta-analysis. For the prevalence of African American, Chinese and Arab groups only indications could be reported because of a limited number of studies. Agenesis differs by continent and gender: the prevalence for both sexes was higher in Europe (males 4.6%; females 6.3%) and Australia (males 5.5%; females 7.6%) than for North American Caucasians (males 3.2%; females 4.6%). In addition, the prevalence of dental agenesis in females was 1.37 times higher than in males. The mandibular second premolar was the most affected tooth, followed by the maxillary lateral incisor and the maxillary second premolar. The occurrence of dental agenesis was divided into three main groups: common (P2(i) > I2(s) > P2(s)), less common (I1(i) > I2(i) & P1(s) > C(s) & M2(i)) and rare (M2(s) & M1(s) > C(i) > M1(i) & I1(s)). Unilateral occurrence of dental agenesis is more common than bilateral occurrence. However, bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors is more common than unilateral agenesis. The overall prevalence of agenesis in the maxilla is comparable with that in the mandible, but a marked difference was found between both jaws regarding tooth type. Absence of one or two permanent teeth is found in 83% of the subjects with dental agenesis. A practical application of the results of the meta-analysis is the estimation of dental treatment need. Copyright Blackwell Munksgaard, 2004
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            A controlled study of associated dental anomalies.

            T Baccetti (1998)
            The purpose of this study was to reveal patterns of association among seven types of dental anomalies (aplasia of second premolars, small size of maxillary lateral incisors, infraocclusion of primary molars, enamel hypoplasia, ectopic eruption of first molars, supernumerary teeth, and palatal displacement of maxillary canines) in an untreated orthodontic population, ages 7 to 14. The prevalence of associated tooth anomalies in seven groups of 100 subjects selected according to one primarily diagnosed dental anomaly was compared with the prevalence of the examined dental anomalies in a control group of 1,000 subjects. Significant reciprocal associations (p < 0.005) were found among five of the anomalies (aplasia of second premolars, small size of maxillary lateral incisors, infraocclusion of primary molars, enamel hypoplasia, and palatal displacement of maxillary canines), suggesting a common genetic origin for these conditions. Supernumerary teeth appeared to be a separate etiological entity with respect to all other examined tooth anomalies. The existence of associations between different tooth anomalies is clinically relevant, as the early diagnosis of one anomaly may indicate an increased risk for others.
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              A survey of hypodontia in Japanese orthodontic patients.

              Toshiya Endo, M Kubota, Rieko Ozoe … (2005)
              The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in the permanent dentition, excluding the third molars, in a sample of Japanese orthodontic patients. Orthopantomograms of 3358 Japanese orthodontic patients (1453 boys and 1905 girls) between the ages of 5 and 15 years were examined for evidence of hypodontia. The prevalence of hypodontia was 8.5% (7.5% for boys, 9.3% for girls) with no statistically significant difference between the sexes. The average number of missing teeth per child was 2.4 (2.5 for boys, 2.4 for girls). Most (76.3%) children with hypodontia were missing either 1 or 2 teeth (77.1% for boys, 75.7% for girls). The prevalence of advanced hypodontia was 10.1% (11.0% for boys, 9.7% for girls). The most commonly missing teeth were the mandibular second premolars, followed by the mandibular and maxillary lateral incisors, and the maxillary second premolars; minor differences in the order of prevalence existed among groups of children classified by the number of missing teeth. Symmetrical hypodontia was predominant, and the most commonly symmetrical hypodontia was mandibular second premolar agenesis. No consistent finding was obtained as to which jaw had more missing teeth. The distribution of missing teeth was similar between the right and left sides of the dental arches in each group of children. Anterior tooth agenesis was predominant in children with minor hypodontia, and posterior tooth agenesis increased with hypodontia severity. The distinct characteristic of hypodontia in the Japanese population compared with other populations was a higher prevalence of both advanced hypodontia and mandibular lateral incisor agenesis in children with minor hypodontia.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects
                Title: Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects
                Publisher: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 2008-210X
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-2118
                Publication date (Print): Winter 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 February 2013
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 36-41
                Affiliations
                1Professor of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                2Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                3Dentist, Private Practice, Mashhad, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding Author; ahrarif@ 123456mums.ac.ir
                Article
                DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2013.006
                PMC ID: 3593203
                PubMed ID: 23487169
                SO-VID: 6785dc36-bb7d-4831-a655-3ceafd43084f
                Copyright © © 2013 The Authors; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 11 April 2012
                Date accepted : 1 December 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: hypodontia,microdontia,missing tooth,tooth size,tooth width
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: hypodontia, microdontia, missing tooth, tooth size, tooth width

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