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      Densidade, teor de óleo e produtividade de grãos em híbridos de milho Translated title: Kernell density, oil content and yield of maize hybrids

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          Abstract

          Existe grande variabilidade das cultivares de milho quanto à densidade de grãos no mercado brasileiro, mas se conhece pouco sobre seus teores de óleo. Objetivou-se estudar a variabilidade do teor de óleo nos grãos de híbridos de milho e verificar a existência de correlação entre a produtividade, a densidade e o teor de óleo. Desenvolveram-se, na safra 2002/2903, dois experimentos de avaliação de cultivares, em Assis e Adamantina (SP), utilizando o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 39 híbridos simples e triplos. Foram utilizadas dez espigas por parcela, as quais foram secionadas transversalmente na região mediana para amostragem de grãos, na face exposta. Avaliaram-se a produtividade dos genótipos, a massa de cem grãos, a proporção de grãos boiantes em solução-padrão de nitrato de sódio, o peso volumétrico e o teor de óleo dos grãos pelo método de espectrometria de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN). Procedeu-se à análise de variância dos dados e a comparação das médias pelo teste de Skott-Knott a 5%. Calcularam-se correlações de Pearson entre o teor de óleo e os demais parâmetros avaliados, utilizando o programa SAS. Os teores de óleo variaram entre 38 a 60 g kg-1. O valor médio de massa volumétrica foi relativamente elevado (796 e 801 g L-1) devido à predominância de cultivares com grãos de aparência dura. As correlações obtidas no experimento evidenciam que híbridos de grãos mais densos tendem a ter maiores teores de óleo (r = 0,34 a 0,40). Três híbridos, no entanto, proporcionaram grãos menos densos e teores de óleo relativamente elevados. As cultivares com maior produtividade tiveram menor teor de óleo, embora o índice de correlação tenha sido baixo (r = -0,24). Concluiu-se que existe variabilidade genética do teor de óleo nos grãos suficiente para discriminar grupo de materiais com teores mais elevados. O teor de óleo correlacionou-se positivamente com a densidade de grãos, porém com valores discrepantes e extremos de óleo dentro dos grupos de menor e maior densidade.

          Translated abstract

          There is a great variability of kernel density among corn cultivars in the Brazilian market, but little is known regarding their oil content. The objectives of this study were to assess the oil kernel variability of a wide range of maize hybrids and to verify if there are correlations among kernel oil content, density and yield. Two trials were carried out in Assis and Adamantina (SP) in the 2002/03 growing season. Thirty-nine single and three-way crosses hybrids were evaluated following a complete randomized block design. Ten ears per plot were half cut transversely for sampling kernels in the exposed line of rupture. Yield, kernel weight, percentage of floating kernels in sodium nitrate standard solution, test weight and kernel oil content by nuclear resonance spectrophotometer were evaluated. Data from each experiment were submitted to the analysis of variance by the F test and treatments were compared by Skott-Knott test (P<0.05). Pearson correlations between oil content and other parameters were calculated using SAS program. Oil contents ranged from 38 to 60 g kg-1. Test weight average was high (796 e 801 g L-1) due to the predominance of cultivars with flint appearance kernels. The correlations show that hybrids with more dense kernels tend to exhibit higher kernel oil content (r = 0,34 to 0,40), but three hybrids had less dense kernels and higher kernel oil content. The cultivars with highest yield had low oil content, however the correlation was low (r = -0,24). In conclusion, there is genetic variability regarding kernel oil content that is sufficient to separate groups of cultivars with low and high oil level. Oil content correlated positively with density, but within the lowest and the highest density groups there were extreme and discrepant values of oil content.

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          Most cited references26

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          Factors Affecting Oil Content and Oil Composition of Corn (Zea mays L.) Grain1

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            Influence of Population and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Protein and Oil Contents of Nine Corn Hybrids 1

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              High Intensity Selection for Percent Oil in Corn1

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                brag
                Bragantia
                Bragantia
                Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (Campinas )
                1678-4499
                2008
                : 67
                : 3
                : 759-767
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Programa Milho IAC/APTA
                [2 ] Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
                [3 ] Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios Brazil
                Article
                S0006-87052008000300026
                10.1590/S0006-87052008000300026
                66995a04-329d-457d-b7c9-3a8d646c5843

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0006-8705&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General agriculture
                Zea mays L.,cultivar,kernel hardness,oil content,dureza,teor de óleo
                General agriculture
                Zea mays L., cultivar, kernel hardness, oil content, dureza, teor de óleo

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