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      Subjective well-being, religiosity and anxiety: a cross-sectional study applied to a sample of Brazilian medical students Translated title: Bem-estar subjetivo, religiosidade e ansiedade: um estudo transversal em uma amostra brasileira de estudantes de medicina

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective: To assess associations between subjective well-being (SWB), religiosity, anxiety and other factors in a sample of Brazilian medical students from a public university in northeastern Brazil. Methods: The present study followed a cross-sectional, observational, analytical approach. Data were collected by administering a self-applicable questionnaire composed of questions focused on sociodemographic data and based on the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWL), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the Duke Religiosity Index (DUREL). Results: The sample comprised 417 medical school students (73.54% of all the enrolled students). The medical students assessed presented a medium level of satisfaction with life, low mean positive emotion levels and high anxiety/uneasiness levels. Surprisingly, lower anxiety and intrinsic religiosity (IR) scores were associated with higher scores in the two SWB parameters (positive emotions and satisfaction with life). Furthermore, the factors leisure activities, good sleep quality, financial support, age, and gender were associated with the highest SWB scores (with emotional and cognitive components, or with only one of these two components). Conclusions: Data in the current study corroborated the negative association between SWB and anxiety; however, in opposition to the literature, they also evidenced a negative association between SWB and IR. In addition, the present research signaled the need for creating preventive intervention programs to increase SWB through positive psychological techniques and/or to decrease anxiety by applying, for instance, cognitive-behavioral therapy paradigms and/or mindfulness techniques to medical students.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar associações entre bem-estar subjetivo (BES), religiosidade, ansiedade e outros fatores em uma amostra de estudantes brasileiros de medicina de uma universidade pública do nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: O presente estudo seguiu uma abordagem transversal, observacional, analítica. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário autoaplicável incluindo questões focadas em dados sociodemográficos e baseado na Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (SWL), Escala de Afeto Positivo e Afeto Negativo (PANAS), Questionário de Preocupação da Pensilvânia (PSWQ) e Índice de Religiosidade de DUKE (DUREL). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 417 estudantes de medicina (73,54% de todos os alunos matriculados). Os estudantes avaliados apresentaram nível médio de satisfação com a vida, baixos níveis de emoções positivas e altos níveis de ansiedade/preocupação. Surpreendentemente, menor ansiedade e escores de religiosidade intrínseca (IR) foram associados com maiores pontuações nos dois parâmetros de BES (emoções positivas e satisfação com a vida). Além disso, os fatores atividades de lazer, boa qualidade do sono, apoio financeiro, idade e sexo foram associados aos maiores escores do BES (com componentes emocionais e cognitivos, ou apenas um deles). Conclusão: Os dados do presente estudo corroboraram a associação negativa entre BES e ansiedade; no entanto, contrariamente à literatura, eles também evidenciaram uma associação negativa entre BES e IR. Além disso, a presente pesquisa sinalizou a necessidade de criar programas de intervenção preventiva para aumentar o BES por meio de técnicas psicológicas positivas e/ou diminuir a ansiedade aplicando, por exemplo, paradigmas de terapia cognitivo-comportamental e/ou técnicas de mindfulness a estudantes de medicina.

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          Most cited references40

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          Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications

          This paper provides a concise but comprehensive review of research on religion/spirituality (R/S) and both mental health and physical health. It is based on a systematic review of original data-based quantitative research published in peer-reviewed journals between 1872 and 2010, including a few seminal articles published since 2010. First, I provide a brief historical background to set the stage. Then I review research on R/S and mental health, examining relationships with both positive and negative mental health outcomes, where positive outcomes include well-being, happiness, hope, optimism, and gratefulness, and negative outcomes involve depression, suicide, anxiety, psychosis, substance abuse, delinquency/crime, marital instability, and personality traits (positive and negative). I then explain how and why R/S might influence mental health. Next, I review research on R/S and health behaviors such as physical activity, cigarette smoking, diet, and sexual practices, followed by a review of relationships between R/S and heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, immune functions, endocrine functions, cancer, overall mortality, physical disability, pain, and somatic symptoms. I then present a theoretical model explaining how R/S might influence physical health. Finally, I discuss what health professionals should do in light of these research findings and make recommendations in this regard.
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            Life satisfaction and resilience in medical school – a six-year longitudinal, nationwide and comparative study

            Background This study examined the relationship between life satisfaction among medical students and a basic model of personality, stress and coping. Previous studies have shown relatively high levels of distress, such as symptoms of depression and suicidal thoughts in medical undergraduates. However despite the increased focus on positive psychological health and well-being during the past decades, only a few studies have focused on life satisfaction and coping in medical students. This is the first longitudinal study which has identified predictors of sustained high levels of life satisfaction among medical students. Methods This longitudinal, nationwide questionnaire study examined the course of life satisfaction during medical school, compared the level of satisfaction of medical students with that of other university students, and identified resilience factors. T-tests were used to compare means of life satisfaction between and within the population groups. K-means cluster analyses were applied to identify subgroups among the medical students. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression analyses were used to compare the subgroups. Results Life satisfaction decreased during medical school. Medical students were as satisfied as other students in the first year of study, but reported less satisfaction in their graduation year. Medical students who sustained high levels of life satisfaction perceived medical school as interfering less with their social and personal life, and were less likely to use emotion focused coping, such as wishful thinking, than their peers. Conclusion Medical schools should encourage students to spend adequate time on their social and personal lives and emphasise the importance of health-promoting coping strategies.
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              Prevalence and associated factors of stress, anxiety and depression among prospective medical students.

              Many studies have reported that the prevalence of psychological distress among medical students during medical training was high. However, there are very few studies exploring on the psychological health of prospective medical students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors for stress, anxiety and depression symptoms among the prospective medical students. A cross-sectional study was done on two cohorts of applicants to a public medical school. A total of 839 applicants were invited to participate in the study. The 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was administered to the applicants after they completed interviews. A total of 743 (92.2%) applicants took part in the study. The prevalence of moderate to extremely severe level of stress, anxiety and depression were 3.6%, 54.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Stress was significantly associated with extra-curricular activity (p<0.001) and race (p<0.001). Anxiety was associated with extra-curricular activity (p<0.001), race (p<0.001), mother education level (p=0.002) and CGPA group (p=0.034). Depression was associated with academic performance in class (p<0.001) and race (p=0.004). Prevalence of stress and depression among entering medical students was low; however prevalence of anxiety was high which could be due to worry about the interviews to enter medical course. The associated factors of psychological distress among prospective medical students were related to academic, non-academic, parent education and cultural backgrounds.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                trends
                Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
                Trends Psychiatry Psychother.
                Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil )
                2237-6089
                2238-0019
                September 2018
                : 40
                : 3
                : 185-192
                Affiliations
                [2] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Centro de Ciências da Saúde orgdiv2Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Brazil
                [1] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento Brazil
                Article
                S2237-60892018000300185
                10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0070
                30234885
                6617a396-d876-40bb-97d1-5721b45233cc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 August 2017
                : 14 June 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                medical psychology,happiness,spirituality,Estudantes de medicina,ansiedade,psicologia médica,felicidade,espiritualidade,Medical students,anxiety

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