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      Non-coding RNA regulates phage sensitivity in Listeria monocytogenes

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          Abstract

          Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained increasing attention as their diverse roles in virulence and environmental stress in Listeria monocytogenes have become clearer. The ncRNA rliB is an atypical member of the CRISPR family, conserved at the same genomic locus in all analyzed L. monocytogenes genomes and also in other Listeria species. In this study, rliB defective mutants (Lm3-22-Δ rliB) were constructed by homologous recombination. The growth cycle of Lm3-22-Δ rliB mutants was slower than that of wild-type Lm3-22. The sensitivity of Lm3-22-Δ rliB to the Listeria phage vB-LmoM-SH3-3 was significantly increased, and the efficiency of plaque formation was enhanced by 128 fold. Compared with wild type, the adhesion and invasion of Lm3-22-Δ rliB decreased significantly (9.3% and 1.33%, respectively). After 4 hours of infection, the proliferation of Lm3-22-Δ rliB in RAW264.7 cells also decreased significantly. Transcription level of invasion-related surface proteins showed that the internalin genes lmo0610 and lm0514, and the peptidoglycan binding protein gene lmo1799 in Lm3-22-Δ rliB were significantly increased. In addition, after interaction with phage, the transcription levels of inlA, lmo0610, lmo1799, lmo2085, and lmo0514 in Lm3-22-Δ rliB cells were significantly upregulated, while inlB was downregulated, compared with Lm3-22 control group with phage treatment. Therefore, rliB deletion effectively regulated the interaction between Listeria and phage, weaken its invasion ability, and provided a new theoretical basis for biocontrol of phage.

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          Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms.

          Simon Labrie, Julie Samson, Sylvain Moineau (2010)
          Phages are now acknowledged as the most abundant microorganisms on the planet and are also possibly the most diversified. This diversity is mostly driven by their dynamic adaptation when facing selective pressure such as phage resistance mechanisms, which are widespread in bacterial hosts. When infecting bacterial cells, phages face a range of antiviral mechanisms, and they have evolved multiple tactics to avoid, circumvent or subvert these mechanisms in order to thrive in most environments. In this Review, we highlight the most important antiviral mechanisms of bacteria as well as the counter-attacks used by phages to evade these systems.
          Article 0 comments Cited 403 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Listeria monocytogenes persistence in food-associated environments: epidemiology, strain characteristics, and implications for public health.

            Orlando Ferreira, M Wiedmann, L E P P Teixeira … (2014)
            Over the last 10 to 15 years, increasing evidence suggests that persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in food processing plants for years or even decades is an important factor in the transmission of this foodborne pathogen and the root cause of a number of human listeriosis outbreaks. L. monocytogenes persistence in other food-associated environments (e.g., farms and retail establishments) may also contribute to food contamination and transmission of the pathogen to humans. Although L. monocytogenes persistence is typically identified through isolation of a specific molecular subtype from samples collected in a given environment over time, formal (statistical) criteria for identification of persistence are undefined. Environmental factors (e.g., facilities and equipment that are difficult to clean) have been identified as key contributors to persistence; however, the mechanisms are less well understood. Although some researchers have reported that persistent strains possess specific characteristics that may facilitate persistence (e.g., biofilm formation and better adaptation to stress conditions), other researchers have not found significant differences between persistent and nonpersistent strains in the phenotypic characteristics that might facilitate persistence. This review includes a discussion of our current knowledge concerning some key issues associated with the persistence of L. monocytogenes, with special focus on (i) persistence in food processing plants and other food-associated environments, (ii) persistence in the general environment, (iii) phenotypic and genetic characteristics of persistent strains, (iv) niches, and (v) public health and economic implications of persistence. Although the available data clearly indicate that L. monocytogenes persistence at various stages of the food chain contributes to contamination of finished products, continued efforts to quantitatively integrate data on L. monocytogenes persistence (e.g., meta-analysis or quantitative microbial risk assessment) will be needed to advance our understanding of persistence of this pathogen and its economic and public health impacts.
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              An RNA thermosensor controls expression of virulence genes in Listeria monocytogenes.

              Jörgen Johansson, Pierre Mandin, Adriana Renzoni … (2002)
              In Listeria monocytogenes, virulence genes are maximally expressed at 37 degrees C, almost silent at 30 degrees C and controlled by PrfA, a transcriptional activator whose expression is thermoregulated. Here, we show that the untranslated mRNA (UTR) preceding prfA, forms a secondary structure, which masks the ribosome binding region. Mutations predicted to destabilize this structure led to virulence gene expression and invasion of mammalian cells at 30 degrees C. Chemical probing, native gel electrophoresis, in vitro translation, and "compensatory" and "increased stability" mutations demonstrated that the UTR switches between a structure active at high temperatures, and another inactive at low temperatures. Strikingly, when the DNA corresponding to the UTR was fused to gfp in E. coli, bacteria became fluorescent at 37 degrees C, but not at 30 degrees C. This mechanism of posttranscriptional thermoregulation may have important applications.
              Article 0 comments Cited 169 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yuan Tian: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
                Liting Wu: Role: Data curationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – original draft
                Mengya Zhu: Role: Data curationRole: Resources
                Zhenquan Yang: Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                García Pilar: Role: Writing – review & editing
                Hongduo Bao: Role: InvestigationRole: Validation
                Yan Zhou: Role: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Ran Wang: Role: Resources
                Hui Zhang:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-2988
                Role: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Hanne Ingmer: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 December 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0260768
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
                [2 ] Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
                [3 ] College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
                [4 ] Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
                University of Copenhagen, DENMARK
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-2988
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-21-12174
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260768
                PMC ID: 8687577
                PubMed ID: 34928977
                SO-VID: 6606fa90-a07e-4caa-974d-86dbb6cfff1e
                Copyright © © 2021 Tian et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 12 April 2021
                Date accepted : 16 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 2, Pages: 13
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 31671955
                Award Recipient :
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-2988
                Funded by: National Key Research and Development Program of China
                Award ID: 2018YFE0101900
                Award Recipient :
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-2988
                Grants of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFE0101900) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31671955) are both from the Ministry of science and technology of China. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Viruses
                Subject: Bacteriophages
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Microbiology
                Subject: Medical Microbiology
                Subject: Microbial Pathogens
                Subject: Bacterial Pathogens
                Subject: Listeria Monocytogenes
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Subject: Pathogens
                Subject: Microbial Pathogens
                Subject: Bacterial Pathogens
                Subject: Listeria Monocytogenes
                Subject: Biology and life sciences
                Subject: Biochemistry
                Subject: Nucleic acids
                Subject: RNA
                Subject: Non-coding RNA
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Genetics
                Subject: Gene Expression
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Bacteria
                Subject: Listeria
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Subject: Pathogenesis
                Subject: Host-Pathogen Interactions
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Microbiology
                Subject: Medical Microbiology
                Subject: Microbial Pathogens
                Subject: Bacterial Pathogens
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Subject: Pathogens
                Subject: Microbial Pathogens
                Subject: Bacterial Pathogens
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Biochemistry
                Subject: Proteins
                Subject: Protein Interactions
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are within the manuscript.

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