Electron-phonon superconductivity in CaBi2 and the role of spin-orbit interaction

Abstract

CaBi\(_2\) is a recently discovered type-I superconductor with \(T_c=2\)~K and a layered crystal structure. In this work electronic structure, lattice dynamics and electron-phonon interaction are studied, with a special attention paid to the influence of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on above-mentioned quantities. We find, that in the scalar-relativistic case (without SOC), electronic structure and electron-phonon interaction show the quasi-two dimensional character. Strong Fermi surface nesting is present, which leads to appearance of the Kohn anomaly in the phonon spectrum and enhanced electron-phonon coupling for the phonons propagating in the Ca-Bi atomic layers. However, strong spin-orbit coupling in this material changes the topology of the Fermi surface, reduces the nesting and the electron-phonon coupling becomes weaker and more isotropic. The electron-phonon coupling parameter \(\lambda\) is reduced by SOC almost twice, from 0.94 to 0.54, giving even stronger effect on the superconducting critical temperature \(T_c\), which drops from 5.2~K (without SOC) to 1.3~K (with SOC). Relativistic values of \(\lambda\) and \(T_c\) remain in a good agreement with experimental findings, confirming the general need for including SOC in analysis of the electron-phonon interaction in materials containing heavy elements.