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      Ação da melatonina sobre a dinâmica sanguínea de ratas prenhes e sobre a histogênese do baço e do timo da prole Translated title: The action of melatonin on the blood dynamics of pregnant rats and on the histogenesis of the spleen and thymus of offspring

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          Abstract

          Investigou-se a influência da melatonina sobre o hemograma de ratas prenhes e dos filhotes e sobre a histogênese e morfometria do baço e do timo dos filhotes. A melatonina foi administrada na dose 0,5mg/kg de peso corporal, dissolvida em 0,1mL de etanol e diluída em 0,3mL de solução salina. Para análise do hematócrito, contagem total de hemácias e contagem total e diferencial dos leucócitos, amostras de sangue foram coletadas no sétimo, 14ºe 21ºdias de prenhez e aos 10 dias de nascimento dos filhotes. Cortes histológicos do baço e do timo da prole foram utilizados para histoquímica e morfometria. A ausência da melatonina promoveu alterações no hemograma apenas no terço final da gestação, sem interferir no hemograma dos filhotes, e induziu modificações morfológicas e morfométricas no timo e no baço nos primeiros dias de vida dos filhotes. Concluiu-se que a melatonina materna é importante para a modulação do hemograma em ratas prenhes e para o desenvolvimento normal do baço e do timo dos filhotes.

          Translated abstract

          We investigated the influence of melatonin on the hemogram of pregnant rats and puppies, and on the histogenesis and morphology of the spleen and thymus of puppies. Melatonin was administered at a dose 0.5mg/kgbody weight, dissolved in 0.1mL of ethanol and diluted in 0.3mL of saline. For hematocrit analysis, total erythrocyte count and total and differential leukocyte count, blood samples were collected on the 7th, 14th and 21st days of pregnancy and the offspring at 10 days of birth. Histological sections of spleen and thymus of the offspring were used for histochemistry and morphometry. The absence of melatonin promoted changes in blood count only in the final third of gestation, without interfering with the hemogram of the puppies, and induced morphological and morphometric changes in the thymus and spleen in the first days of life of the puppies. It was concluded that maternal melatonin is important for the modulation of the blood count in pregnant rats and the normal development of the spleen and thymus of the offspring.

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          Most cited references40

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          The basic physiology and pathophysiology of melatonin.

          Melatonin is a methoxyindole synthesized and secreted principally by the pineal gland at night under normal environmental conditions. The endogenous rhythm of secretion is generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei and entrained to the light/dark cycle. Light is able to either suppress or synchronize melatonin production according to the light schedule. The nycthohemeral rhythm of this hormone can be determined by repeated measurement of plasma or saliva melatonin or urine sulfatoxymelatonin, the main hepatic metabolite. The primary physiological function of melatonin, whose secretion adjusts to night length, is to convey information concerning the daily cycle of light and darkness to body physiology. This information is used for the organisation of functions, which respond to changes in the photoperiod such as the seasonal rhythms. Seasonal rhythmicity of physiological functions in humans related to possible alteration of the melatonin message remains, however, of limited evidence in temperate areas in field conditions. Also, the daily melatonin secretion, which is a very robust biochemical signal of night, can be used for the organisation of circadian rhythms. Although functions of this hormone in humans are mainly based on correlative observations, there is some evidence that melatonin stabilises and strengthens coupling of circadian rhythms, especially of core temperature and sleep-wake rhythms. The circadian organisation of other physiological functions could depend on the melatonin signal, for instance immune, antioxidative defences, hemostasis and glucose regulation. Since the regulating system of melatonin secretion is complex, following central and autonomic pathways, there are many pathophysiological situations where the melatonin secretion can be disturbed. The resulting alteration could increase predisposition to disease, add to the severity of symptoms or modify the course and outcome of the disorder.
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            PRACTICAL STEREOLOGICAL METHODS FOR MORPHOMETRIC CYTOLOGY

            Stereological principles provide efficient and reliable tools for the determination of quantitative parameters of tissue structure on sections. Some principles which allow the estimation of volumetric ratios, surface areas, surface-to-volume ratios, thicknesses of tissue or cell sheets, and the number of structures are reviewed and presented in general form; means for their practical application in electron microscopy are outlined. The systematic and statistical errors involved in such measurements are discussed.
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              Effects of melatonin treatment in septic newborns.

              Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neonatal sepsis and its complications. This study was conducted to determine the changes in the clinical status and the serum levels of lipid peroxidation products [malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxylalkenals (4-HDA)] in 10 septic newborns treated with the antioxidant melatonin given within the first 12 h after diagnosis. Ten other septic newborns in a comparable state were used as "septic" controls, while 10 healthy newborns served as normal controls. A total of 20 mg melatonin was administered orally in two doses of 10 mg each, with a 1-h interval. One blood sample was collected before melatonin administration and two additional blood samples (at 1 and 4 h) were collected after melatonin administration to assess serum levels of lipid peroxidation products. Serum MDA + 4-HDA concentrations in newborns with sepsis were significantly higher than those in healthy infants without sepsis; in contrast, in septic newborns treated with melatonin there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of MDA + 4-HDA to the levels in the normal controls at both 1 and 4 h (p < 0.05). Melatonin also improved the clinical outcome of the septic newborns as judged by measurement of sepsis-related serum parameters after 24 and 48 h. Three of 10 septic children who were not treated with melatonin died within 72 h after diagnosis of sepsis; none of the 10 septic newborns treated with melatonin died. To our knowledge, this is the first study where melatonin was given to human newborns.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abmvz
                Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
                Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
                Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária (Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil )
                0102-0935
                1678-4162
                April 2013
                : 65
                : 2
                : 404-414
                Affiliations
                [01] Recife PE orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
                Article
                S0102-09352013000200016 S0102-0935(13)06500200016
                655da801-b101-47a4-a0ae-f60c306d3f10

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 November 2012
                : 26 April 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Medicina Veterinária

                rato,melatonina,hemograma,prenhez,defense organs,órgãos de defesa,imunidade,rat,melatonin,hemogram,pregnancy,immunity

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