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      Estudio por ecoendoscopia de la vía biliar extrahepática en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda biliar Translated title: Endoscopic ultrasonographic examination of the common bile duct in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue valorar la utilidad de la ecoendoscopia en el estudio de la vía biliar extrahepática en los pacientes diagnosticados de pancreatitis aguda biliar y determinar los factores clínicos y analíticos relacionados con el resultado de la técnica. Material y métodos: se incluyeron en el estudio de modo consecutivo 73 pacientes (31 varones, 42 mujeres; media de edad 64 ± 15 años) con pancreatitis aguda biliar remitidos a nuestro servicio para la realización de ecoendoscopia biliopancreática. En todos los pacientes se realizó la técnica seguida de CPRE con esfinterotomía y técnica endoscópica para la extracción de cálculos cuando se identificó por ecoendoscopia la existencia de coledocolitiasis. Se compararon las características clínico-evolutivas de estos pacientes con respecto al resultado obtenido con la ecoendoscopia. Resultados: la media de tiempo transcurrido desde el ingreso hasta la realización de la ecoendoscopia fue de 7 ± 6 días. En 18 pacientes (24%) se observó en la ecoendoscopia la existencia de coledocolitiasis y en 17 de ellos se realizó esfinterotomía endoscópica. La presencia de coledocolitiasis fue más frecuente en aquellos pacientes con dilatación de la vía biliar extrahepática (55 vs. 14%; p < 0,05) y en aquellos con bilirrubina sérica superior a 3 mg/dl (41 vs. 18%; p < 0,05). Trece pacientes (18%) presentaron pancreatitis aguda severa. Catorce (19%) presentaron alguna complicación en relación con la pancreatitis aguda y un paciente murió. Se observó una complicación relacionada con la esfinterotomía endoscópica. Cuatro pacientes presentaron un nuevo episodio de pancreatitis aguda. No se observaron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de complicaciones en los pacientes tratados de modo conservador respecto a aquellos con coledocolitiasis tratados con esfinterotomía endoscópica (18 vs. 22%; p > 0,05). Tampoco se observó esta diferencia en el subgrupo de pacientes con pancreatitis aguda severa (45 vs. 55%; p > 0,05). Conclusiones: la ecoendoscopia es una técnica útil en la selección de los pacientes con pancreatitis aguda biliar que se beneficiarán de la realización de una esfinterotomía endoscópica.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: the objective of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the study of the common bile duct in patients diagnosed with acute biliary pancreatitis, and to establish clinical and laboratory factors related to this technique. Materials and methods: seventy-three consecutive patients with acute biliary pancreatitis were included in the study (31 males and 42 females with a mean age of 64 ± 15) who were admitted to our department for biliopancreatic EUS. In all patients the technique was followed by ERCP with sphincterotomy, and endoscopy to remove stones when endoscopy revealed choledocholithiasis. Results: mean time from admission to echoendoscopy was 7 ± 6 days. In 18 patients (24%) the presence of choledocholithiasis was revealed by EUS, and in 17 a sphincterotomy was performed. Choledocholithiasis was more frequent in patients with common bile duct dilation (55 vs. 14%; p < 0.05). Thirteen patients (18%) showed severe acute pancreatitis. Fourteen (19%) showed complications related to acute pancreatitis, and one patient died. Four patients had a new episode of acute pancreatitis. No significant difference was seen in the percentage of complications between patients treated conservatively and patients with choledocholithiasis treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy (18 vs. 22%; p > 0.05). No difference was also detected for the subgroup of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (45 vs. 55%; p > 0.05). Conclusions: EUS is a useful technique for the selection of patients with acute biliary pancreatitis who may benefit from endoscopic sphincterotomy.

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          Complications of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy.

          Endoscopic sphincterotomy is commonly used to remove bile-duct stones and to treat other problems. We prospectively investigated risk factors for complications of this procedure and their outcomes. We studied complications that occurred within 30 days of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy in consecutive patients treated at 17 institutions in the United States and Canada from 1992 through 1994. Of 2347 patients, 229 (9.8 percent) had a complication, including pancreatitis in 127 (5.4 percent) and hemorrhage in 48 (2.0 Percent). There were 55 deaths from all causes within 30 days; death was directly or indirectly related to the procedure in 10 cases. Of five significant risk factors for complications identified in a multivariate analysis, two were characteristics of the patients (suspected dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi as an indication for the procedure and the presence of cirrhosis) and three were related to the endoscopic technique (difficulty in cannulating the bile duct achievement of access to the bile duct by "precut" sphincterotomy, and use of a combined percutaneous-endoscopic procedure). The overall risk of complications was not related to the patient's age, the number of coexisting illnesses, or the diameter of the bile duct. The rate of complications was highest when the indication for the procedure was suspected dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi (21.7 percent) and lowest when the indication was removal of bile-duct stones within 30 days of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (4.9 percent). As compared with those who performed fewer procedures, endoscopists who performed more than one sphincterotomy per week had lower rates of all complications (8.4 percent vs. 11.1 percent, P=0.03) and severe complications (0.9 percent vs. 2.3 percent, P=0.01). The rate of complications after endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy can vary widely in different circumstances and is primarily related to the indication for the procedure and to endoscopic technique, rather than to the age or general medical condition of the patients.
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            Acute pancreatitis: bench to the bedside.

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              Prognostic signs and the role of operative management in acute pancreatitis.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                diges
                Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas
                Rev. esp. enferm. dig.
                Sociedad Española de Patología Digestiva (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1130-0108
                June 2008
                : 100
                : 6
                : 337-342
                Affiliations
                [01] Toledo orgnameHospital Virgen de la Salud orgdiv1Servicio de Aparato Digestivo
                Article
                S1130-01082008000600005
                10.4321/s1130-01082008000600005
                65558ac4-6a92-4810-be4b-d97f9fae8f42

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 February 2008
                : 31 January 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 6
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                SciELO Spain


                Ecoendoscopia,Pancreatitis aguda biliar,Coledocolitiasis,Endoscopic ultrasonography,Acute biliary pancreatitis,Choledocholithiasis

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