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      Assessment of salivary alpha amylase and mucin-4 before and after non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis

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          Abstract

          Background

          The present study was based on the null hypothesis that there is no difference in clinicoradiographic parameters and whole salivary alpha amylase (AA) and mucin-4 levels before and after non-surgical mechanical debridement (NSMD) of patients with peri-implant mucositis (PM). The aim was to assess whole salivary AA and mucin-4 levels before and after treatment of PM.

          Methods

          Patients with PM (Group-1) and individuals without peri-implant diseases (Group-2) were included. Demographic data was collected and peri-implant modified plaque and bleeding indices (mPI and mBI, respectively), probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss were measured at baseline. Levels of AA and mucin-4 were assessed in unstimulated whole saliva samples. All patients underwent full-mouth non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and NSMD; and clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers were re-assessed after 3 months. Level of significance was set at P < 0.01.

          Results

          Twenty-six and 32 individuals were included in groups 1 and 2, respectively. None of the participants had periodontitis. At baseline clinical periodontal parameters (PI [ P < 0.001], GI [ P < 0.001], clinical AL [ P < 0.001] and PD [ P < 0.001]) were significantly high in Group-1 than Group-2. At 3-month follow-up, there was a statistically significant reduction in clinical periodontal and peri-implant parameters (PI [ P < 0.01], GI [ P < 0.01], and PD [ P < 0.01]) in Group-1 compared with their baseline values. At baseline, salivary AA levels were significantly high in Group-1 than Group-2 ( P < 0.01). At 3-month follow-up, there was no significant difference in whole salivary AA levels among patients in groups 1 and 2.

          Conclusions

          The AA and mucin-4 levels are potential biomarkers for evaluation of peri-implant diseases including PM. Mechanical instrumentation continues to be the most predictable treatment option for the management of peri-implant diseases.

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          Most cited references48

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          PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY. II. CORRELATION BETWEEN ORAL HYGIENE AND PERIODONTAL CONDTION.

          J SILNESS, H Löe (1964)
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            Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions: Classification and case definitions for periodontitis

            Panos Papapanou, Mariano Sanz, Nurcan Buduneli … (2018)
            A new periodontitis classification scheme has been adopted, in which forms of the disease previously recognized as "chronic" or "aggressive" are now grouped under a single category ("periodontitis") and are further characterized based on a multi-dimensional staging and grading system. Staging is largely dependent upon the severity of disease at presentation as well as on the complexity of disease management, while grading provides supplemental information about biological features of the disease including a history-based analysis of the rate of periodontitis progression; assessment of the risk for further progression; analysis of possible poor outcomes of treatment; and assessment of the risk that the disease or its treatment may negatively affect the general health of the patient. Necrotizing periodontal diseases, whose characteristic clinical phenotype includes typical features (papilla necrosis, bleeding, and pain) and are associated with host immune response impairments, remain a distinct periodontitis category. Endodontic-periodontal lesions, defined by a pathological communication between the pulpal and periodontal tissues at a given tooth, occur in either an acute or a chronic form, and are classified according to signs and symptoms that have direct impact on their prognosis and treatment. Periodontal abscesses are defined as acute lesions characterized by localized accumulation of pus within the gingival wall of the periodontal pocket/sulcus, rapid tissue destruction and are associated with risk for systemic dissemination.
            Article 0 comments Cited 584 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy I. Prevalence and Severity

              Harald Löe, John Silness (2009)
              Article 0 comments Cited 398 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Hajer A. Aldulaijan: haldulaijan@ksu.edu.sa
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Implant Dent
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Implant Dent
                Title: International Journal of Implant Dentistry
                Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2198-4034
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 July 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 14 July 2022
                Publication date Collection: December 2022
                Volume: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 30
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.56302.32, ISNI 0000 0004 1773 5396, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, , King Saud University, ; Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
                [2 ]GRID grid.411196.a, ISNI 0000 0001 1240 3921, Department of General Dental Practice, , Kuwait University, ; P. O. Box 24923, 13110 Safat, Kuwait
                [3 ]Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, 577204 Karnataka India
                [4 ]Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University (LMMU), Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
                Article
                Publisher ID: 429
                DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00429-z
                PMC ID: 9283593
                PubMed ID: 35834021
                SO-VID: 653bbaeb-121f-4a27-8912-8ea015772a51
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 25 May 2022
                Date accepted : 30 June 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2022

                Keywords: alpha amylase,dental implant,mechanical debridement,mucin-4,peri-implant mucositis,whole saliva
                Data availability:
                Keywords: alpha amylase, dental implant, mechanical debridement, mucin-4, peri-implant mucositis, whole saliva

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