Effect of Bacillus Additives on Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Community during the Ensiling Process of Whole-Plant Corn Silage

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a complex Bacillus subtilis additive on the fermentation quality and bacterial community during the ensiling process of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS). The pH values of WPCS treated with the B. subtilis inoculant decreased faster than those of the control without inoculant, and significantly higher contents of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) were observed. After 45 days of ensiling, the LA contents reached 7.95% (w/w). In the treatment group, the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents decreased significantly compared to the control, and the degradation rates of the NDF and ADF were 26.52% and 27.34% after 45 days, respectively. The deoxynivalenol (DON) content in the treatment group decreased to 205.67 μg/kg, which was significantly lower than the content of 382.51 μg/kg in the control group. The results indicated the positive effect of the B. subtilis inoculant in improving WPCS fermentation, especially in terms of degrading linocellulose and removing DON. The analysis of the bacterial community indicated that the B. subtilis inoculant resulted in an increased abundance of Lactobacillus, which contributed to the enhancement of LA production. The increased abundance of Bacillus possibly played a role in the degradation of NDF and ADF and the reduction in DON. Therefore, the complex B. subtilis additive could be used for the production of high-quality WPCS.

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Most cited references 43

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Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.

P.J. van Soest, J.B. Robertson, B.A. Lewis (1991)

There is a need to standardize the NDF procedure. Procedures have varied because of the use of different amylases in attempts to remove starch interference. The original Bacillus subtilis enzyme Type IIIA (XIA) no longer is available and has been replaced by a less effective enzyme. For fiber work, a new enzyme has received AOAC approval and is rapidly displacing other amylases in analytical work. This enzyme is available from Sigma (Number A3306; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO). The original publications for NDF and ADF (43, 53) and the Agricultural Handbook 379 (14) are obsolete and of historical interest only. Up to date procedures should be followed. Triethylene glycol has replaced 2-ethoxyethanol because of reported toxicity. Considerable development in regard to fiber methods has occurred over the past 5 yr because of a redefinition of dietary fiber for man and monogastric animals that includes lignin and all polysaccharides resistant to mammalian digestive enzymes. In addition to NDF, new improved methods for total dietary fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides including pectin and beta-glucans now are available. The latter are also of interest in rumen fermentation. Unlike starch, their fermentations are like that of cellulose but faster and yield no lactic acid. Physical and biological properties of carbohydrate fractions are more important than their intrinsic composition.