Utilizing High Entropy Effects for Developing Chromium‐Tolerance Cobalt‐Free Cathode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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Abstract

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is regarded as an environmentally friendly energy conversion device, which can directly convert the chemical energy stored in the fuel to the electrical energy. However, the degradation of cathodes caused by Cr‐containing steel interconnects is a major problem that limits the broader application of SOFC. Herein, a novel A‐site high entropy oxide, based on the cobalt‐free PrBaFe ₂O _{5+
δ} (PBF) cathode, La _0.2Pr _0.2Nd _0.2Sm _0.2Gd _0.2BaFe ₂O _{5+
δ} (LPNSGBF), is proposed as a high catalyst activity and Cr‐tolerance cathode for SOFC. The anode‐supported cell with the LPNSGBF cathode exhibits an excellent peak power density of 1020.69 mW cm ⁻² at 800 °C, which is better than that of the PBF (794.96 mW cm ⁻²). Moreover, under the Cr‐containing atmosphere, the outstanding stability of the single cell with the LPNSGBF for 100 h with a degradation rate of 0.17% h ⁻¹, is much lower than the 0.79% h ⁻¹ for that of the PBF cathode. The study provides a new strategy for achieving the enhanced oxygen reduction reaction and high Cr‐tolerance of the cobalt‐free cathode by high entropy doping.

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Lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells.

Eric Wachsman, Kang Lee (2011)

Fuel cells are uniquely capable of overcoming combustion efficiency limitations (e.g., the Carnot cycle). However, the linking of fuel cells (an energy conversion device) and hydrogen (an energy carrier) has emphasized investment in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells as part of a larger hydrogen economy and thus relegated fuel cells to a future technology. In contrast, solid oxide fuel cells are capable of operating on conventional fuels (as well as hydrogen) today. The main issue for solid oxide fuel cells is high operating temperature (about 800°C) and the resulting materials and cost limitations and operating complexities (e.g., thermal cycling). Recent solid oxide fuel cells results have demonstrated extremely high power densities of about 2 watts per square centimeter at 650°C along with flexible fueling, thus enabling higher efficiency within the current fuel infrastructure. Newly developed, high-conductivity electrolytes and nanostructured electrode designs provide a path for further performance improvement at much lower temperatures, down to ~350°C, thus providing opportunity to transform the way we convert and store energy.