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      Vitamin-D-Mangel im Sport Translated title: Vitamin D Deficiency in Sports

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Ein Mangel an Vitamin D ist in der allgemeinen Bevölkerung wie auch bei Sportlerinnen und Sportlern sehr häufig. Ziel dieser Übersicht ist, den Stand des Wissens um die Bedeutung von Vitamin D für den sportlich aktiven Menschen zusammenzustellen. Ein Vitamin-D-Mangel liegt bei Sportlerinnen und Sportlern in bis zu 90 % vor. Risikogruppen bzw. -faktoren sind junge Sportler/innen, weibliches Geschlecht, Sportler/innen mit einer Einschränkung wie z.B. Querschnittgelähmte, Vegetarier/innen, Sportler/innen mit einer Resorptionsstörung wie Zöliakie, diejenigen, die in Hallen trainieren und dort auch Wettkämpfe durchführen (Eishockey, Basketball, Boxen, Rhythmische Sportgymnastik), ältere Sportler/innen, dunkle Hautpigmentation, der Gebrauch von Sonnenschutz, die Tageszeit des Trainings (früher Morgen, später Abend) sowie die geografische Lage. Sonnenexposition sowie eine ausgewogene Ernährung reichen oft nicht aus, um einen Vitamin-D-Mangel zu verhindern.

          Vitamin D Deficiency in Sports

          Abstract. A deficiency in vitamin D is very common in the general population as well as in athletes. The aim of this overview is to assess the level of knowledge about the importance of vitamin D for athletes. A deficiency in vitamin D is present in up to 90 % of athletes. Risk groups are young athletes, female athletes, athletes with a limitation such as paraplegia, vegetarians, athletes with a resorption disorder such as celiac disease, athletes training and competing indoors (e.g. ice hockey, basketball, boxing, rhythmic gymnastics), and older athletes. Dark skin pigmentation, the use of sunscreen, the time of day of the training (early morning, late evening) and the geographical location influence the risk for a deficiency in vitamin D. Exposure to the sun and a balanced diet are often not enough to prevent a vitamin D deficiency.

          Translated abstract

          Résumé. Une carence en vitamine D est très courante dans la population générale comme aussi chez les sportifs. Le but de cet aperçu est de compiler l’état des connaissances sur l’importance de la vitamine D pour les athlètes. Jusqu’à 90 % des athlètes présentent une carence en vitamine D. Chez les athlètes, les groupes à risque et les situations à risque sont: les jeunes athlètes, les athlètes de sexe féminin, les sportifs ayant une déficience tels que les paraplégiques, les végétariens, les athlètes présentant un trouble de la résorption tel que la maladie cœliaque, les athlètes s’entraînant et participant à une compétion en salle (hockey sur glace, basket-ball, boxe, gymnastique rythmique), les athlètes plus âgés, ceux qui ont une peau foncée et ceux qui utilisent un écran solaire. L’heure de la journée d’entraînement (tôt le matin, tard le soir) et la situation géographique entrent aussi en jeu dans la déficience en vitamine D. L’exposition au soleil et une alimentation équilibrée ne suffisent souvent pas à prévenir une carence en vitamine D.

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          Vitamin D Deficiency

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            Vitamin D for health: a global perspective.

            It is now generally accepted that vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem that affects not only musculoskeletal health but also a wide range of acute and chronic diseases. However, there remains cynicism about the lack of randomized controlled trials to support the association studies regarding the nonskeletal health benefits of vitamin D. This review was obtained by searching English-language studies published up to April 1, 2013, in PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (search terms: vitamin D and supplementation) and focuses on recent challenges regarding the definition of vitamin D deficiency and how to achieve optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations from dietary sources, supplements, and sun exposure. The effect of vitamin D on fetal programming epigenetics and gene regulation could potentially explain why vitamin D has been reported to have such wide-ranging health benefits throughout life. There is potentially a great upside to increasing the vitamin D status of children and adults worldwide for improving musculoskeletal health and reducing the risk of chronic illnesses, including some cancers, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neurocognitive disorders, and mortality. Copyright © 2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Athletic performance and vitamin D.

              Activated vitamin D (calcitriol) is a pluripotent pleiotropic secosteroid hormone. As a steroid hormone, which regulates more than 1000 vitamin D-responsive human genes, calcitriol may influence athletic performance. Recent research indicates that intracellular calcitriol levels in numerous human tissues, including nerve and muscle tissue, are increased when inputs of its substrate, the prehormone vitamin D, are increased. We reviewed the world's literature for evidence that vitamin D affects physical and athletic performance. Numerous studies, particularly in the German literature in the 1950s, show vitamin D-producing ultraviolet light improves athletic performance. Furthermore, a consistent literature indicates physical and athletic performance is seasonal; it peaks when 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels peak, declines as they decline, and reaches its nadir when 25(OH)D levels are at their lowest. Vitamin D also increases the size and number of Type II (fast twitch) muscle fibers. Most cross-sectional studies show that 25(OH)D levels are directly associated with musculoskeletal performance in older individuals. Most randomized controlled trials, again mostly in older individuals, show that vitamin D improves physical performance. Vitamin D may improve athletic performance in vitamin D-deficient athletes. Peak athletic performance may occur when 25(OH)D levels approach those obtained by natural, full-body, summer sun exposure, which is at least 50 ng x mL(-1). Such 25(OH)D levels may also protect the athlete from several acute and chronic medical conditions.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                prx
                Praxis
                Hogrefe AG, Bern
                1661-8157
                1661-8165
                February 2021
                : 110
                : 2
                : 94-104
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen
                [ 2 ]Institut für Hausarztmedizin, Universität Zürich, Zürich
                [ 3 ]Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Danzig, Polen
                [ 4 ]Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Griechenland
                [ 5 ]School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athen, Griechenland
                Author notes
                Prof. Dr. med. Beat Knechtle, Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, beat.knechtle@ 123456hispeed.ch
                Article
                prx_110_2_94
                10.1024/1661-8157/a003550
                33530783
                64624005-1502-46bf-a562-8b458baa3749
                Copyright @ 2021
                History
                : 9. Juli 2019
                : 9. Juni 2020
                Categories
                Mini-Review

                General medicine,Medicine,Cardiovascular Medicine,Radiology & Imaging,Respiratory medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                exposition solaire,carence en vitamine D,nutrition,Performance,sun exposure,vitamin D deficiency,Sonnenexposition,Vitamin-D-Mangel,Ernährung,Leistungsfähigkeit

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