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      Referenciação aos cuidados de saúde secundários em idade adulta: protocolo de estudo coorte retrospetivo Translated title: An analysis of referrals from primary care to secondary care to a general hospital outpatient clinic in adult age: retrospective cohort study protocol

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          Abstract

          Resumo Objetivos: Estimar a taxa de referenciação à consulta externa do Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu (CHTV) na idade adulta; avaliar a qualidade das referenciações realizadas pelos médicos de família (MF), tendo como base o Guia de Referenciação do ACeS Dão Lafões à Consulta Externa do Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu (GR); comparar as referenciações entre as unidades funcionais participantes no estudo; analisar os tempos de resposta dos cuidados de saúde secundários aos pedidos de consulta; avaliar a existência de informação de retorno para o MF após a alta. Métodos: Este protocolo de estudo coorte retrospetivo multicêntrico será implementado em seis unidades do ACeS Dão Lafões [Unidade de Saúde Familiar (USF) Cândido Figueiredo, USF Montemuro, USF Viseu Cidade, USF Tondela, UCSP São Pedro do Sul e UCSP Vouzela], bem como no CHTV e terá como população estudada os utentes inscritos nas unidades envolvidas, com 18 ou mais anos de idade completos em janeiro de 2018. Será selecionada aleatoriamente uma amostragem de 8.000 observações. Serão avaliadas as referenciações realizadas para o CHTV no ano de 2018. Os dados serão colhidos por consulta do processo clínico das USF e do CHTV. Variáveis estudadas: sexo, idade, unidade funcional, utilizador, número de referenciações, taxa de referenciação por consulta, taxa de utilizadores referenciados, taxa de referenciação por utente utilizador, consulta pedida, qualidade das cartas, tempo até à resposta, caracterização da resposta, avaliação das respostas, tempo até à consulta hospitalar, informação de retorno. O estudo será realizado no último trimestre de 2021 relativamente a referenciações efetuadas no ano de 2018. Discussão: Os resultados deste estudo contribuirão para um melhor conhecimento, por um lado, do processo e qualidade da referenciação por parte dos cuidados de saúde primários, por outro da qualidade da resposta dada pelos cuidados de saúde secundários no que respeita aos tempos de resposta e à transferência de cuidados após a alta hospitalar. Ao nível dos cuidados de saúde primários poderá ainda contribuir para avaliar se existem ou não discrepâncias no processo de referenciação entre diferentes modelos de unidades de cuidados de saúde primários. Outro aspeto diferenciador deste estudo é a forma como os dados serão analisados para medir a resposta hospitalar aos pedidos de consulta, permitindo estimar com maior precisão o tempo que medeia a referenciação e a realização da consulta hospitalar. Este estudo poderá ainda servir como ponto de partida para um ciclo de melhoria contínua da qualidade em várias vertentes da articulação entre estes dois níveis de cuidados no que respeita ao processo de referenciação.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Aim of the study: To determine the referral rate of adult patients to the Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu (CHTV) outpatient clinic; evaluate the quality of the referral information based on Guia de Referenciação do ACeS Dão Lafões à Consulta Externa do Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu (GR); compare referrals between chosen family health units (FHU); analyze referrals response times by secondary care; verify if the family physician receives feedback after discharge. Methods: This retrospective cohort study protocol will be conducted in six FHU from ACeS Dão Lafões (USF Cândido Figueiredo, USF Montemuro, USF Viseu Cidade, USF Tondela, UCSP São Pedro do Sul and UCSP Vouzela) and in CHTV. The population studied will be all the patients enrolled in the HU, with the age of 18 or older by January 2018. There will be a random selection of 8000 samples. The referrals made to CHTV during the year 2018 will be evaluated. Data were collected by examining hospital and FHU clinical records. The variables assessed were sex, age, family health unit, regular patient, number of referrals, referral rate per appointment, referral rate of regular patients, requested consultation, referral quality, time to response, response description, response evaluation, time to the first consultation, and feedback information. The study will be conducted during the last trimester of 2021, evaluating referrals from the year 2018. Discussion: The results of the study will add to a better understanding of the process and quality of referrals made by primary care physicians and the quality of response given by secondary care, concerning response times and post-discharge care. The study will allow us to evaluate if there are discrepancies in the referral processes between different FHUs. Another differentiator feature of the study is the way the data is analyzed to measure hospital response which will allow for estimating more precisely the time until the first consultation. This study may become a starting point for a continuous improvement cycle of the quality of the referral processes between these two healthcare settings.

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          A categorisation of problems and solutions to improve patient referrals from primary to specialty care

          Background Improving access to specialty care has been identified as a critical issue in the delivery of health services, especially given an increasing burden of chronic disease. Identifying and addressing problems that impact access to specialty care for patients referred to speciality care for non-emergent procedures and how these deficiencies can be managed via health system delivery interventions is important to improve care for patients with chronic conditions. However, the primary-specialty care interface is complex and may be impacted by a variety of potential health services delivery deficiencies; with an equal range of interventions developed to correct them. Consequently, the literature is also diverse and difficult to navigate. We present a narrative review to identify existing literature, and provide a conceptual map that categorizes problems at the primary-specialty care interface with linkages to corresponding interventions aimed at ensuring that patient transitions across the primary-specialty care interface are necessary, appropriate, timely and well communicated. Methods We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from January 1, 2005 until Dec 31, 2014, grey literature and reference lists to identify articles that report on interventions implemented to improve the primary-specialty care interface. Selected articles were categorized to describe: 1) the intervention context, including the deficiency addressed, and the objective of the intervention 2) intervention activities, and 3) intervention outcomes. Results We identified 106 articles, producing four categories of health services delivery deficiencies based in: 1) clinical decision making; 2) information management; 3) the system level management of patient flows between primary and secondary care; and 4) quality-of-care monitoring. Interventions were divided into seven categories and fourteen sub-categories based on the deficiencies addressed and the intervention strategies used. Potential synergies and trade-offs among interventions are discussed. Little evidence exists regarding the synergistic and antagonistic interactions of alternative intervention strategies. Conclusion The categorization acts as an aid in identifying why the primary-specialty care interface may be failing and which interventions may produce improvements. Overlap and interconnectedness between interventions creates potential synergies and conflicts among co-implemented interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3745-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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            Typologies in GPs’ referral practice

            Background GPs’ individual decisions to refer and the various ways of working when they refer are important determinants of secondary care use. The objective of this study was to explore and describe potential characteristics of GPs’ referral practice by investigating their opinions about referring and their self-reported experiences of what they do when they refer. Methods Observational cross-sectional study using data from 128 Norwegian GPs who filled in a questionnaire with statements on how they regarded the referral process, and who were invited to collect data when they actually referred to hospital during one month. Only elective referrals were recorded. The 57 participants (44,5 %) recorded data from 691 referrals. The variables were included in a principal component analysis. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify typologies with GP’s age, gender, specialty in family medicine and location as independent variables. Results Eight principal components describe the different ways GPs think and work when they refer. Two typologies summarize these components: confidence characterizing specialists in family medicine, mainly female, who reported a more patient-centred practice making priority decisions when they refer, who confer easily with hospital consultants and who complete the referrals during the consultation; uncertainty characterizing young, mainly male non-specialists in family medicine, experiencing patients’ pressure to be referred, heavy workload, having reluctance to cooperate with the patient and reporting sparse contact with hospital colleagues. Conclusions Training specialists in family medicine in patient-centred method, easy conference with hospital consultant and cooperation with patients while making the referral may foster both self-reflections on own competences and increased levels of confidence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0495-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              Does increased use of private health care reduce the demand for NHS care? A prospective survey of general practice referrals.

              The use of the private sector for health care is increasing, but it is unclear whether this will reduce demand on the NHS. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between private and NHS outpatient referral rates accounting for their association with deprivation. This is a prospective survey of general practitioner referrals to private and NHS consultant-led services between 1 January and 31 December 2001 from 10 general practices in the Trent Focus Collaborative Research Network, United Kingdom. Patient referrals were aggregated to give private and NHS referral rates for each electoral ward in each practice. Of 17,137 referrals, 90.4 percent (15,495) were to the NHS and 9.6 percent (1642) to the private sector. Private referral rates were lower in patients from the most deprived fifth of wards compared with the least deprived fifth (rate ratio 0.25, 95 percent CI 0.15 to 0.41, p < 0.001), whereas NHS referral rates were slightly higher in patients in the most deprived fifth of wards (rate ratio 1.18, 95 percent CI 0.98 to 1.42, p = 0.08) both after age standardisation and adjustment for practice. The NHS referral rate was significantly higher (rate ratio 1.40, 95 percent CI 1.15 to 1.71, p = 0.001) in wards with private referral rates in the top fifth compared with the bottom fifth after adjustment for deprivation and practice. Increased private health care activity does not reduce the demand for NHS care: NHS and private referral rates were positively associated with each other after adjusting for age, deprivation and practice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpmgf
                Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar
                Rev Port Med Geral Fam
                Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar (Lisboa, , Portugal )
                2182-5173
                February 2023
                : 39
                : 1
                : 30-35
                Affiliations
                [2] Lisboa orgnameUniversidade de Lisboa orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública Portugal
                [1] Tondela orgnameACeS Dão Lafões orgdiv1USF Tondela Portugal
                Article
                S2182-51732023000100030 S2182-5173(23)03900100030
                10.32385/rpmgf.v39i1.13407
                63371e7a-9899-45a4-8e3a-deba3059198c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 December 2021
                : 09 December 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 8, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Categories
                Estudos Originais

                Quality of health care,Referral and consultation,Primary health care,Secondary care,Referenciações,Cuidados de saúde primários,Qualidade dos cuidados de saúde,Cuidados de saúde secundários

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