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      Terapia complexa descongestiva no tratamento intensivo do linfedema: revisão sistemática Translated title: Terapia compleja descongestiva en el tratamiento intensivo del linfedema: revisión de literatura Translated title: Complex Decongestive Therapy in the intensive care of lymphedema: systematic review

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          Abstract

          RESUMO O linfedema caracteriza-se por acúmulo de proteínas e fluídos no interstício, com alterações físicas e psicológicas. Entre as técnicas fisioterapêuticas utilizadas para redução do linfedema está a terapia complexa descongestiva. O objetivo desta revisão é identificar evidências para a prática da terapia complexa descongestiva no tratamento intensivo do linfedema. Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, EMBASE e PEDro. Os artigos selecionados foram estudos randomizados e de coorte, os quais foram avaliados e selecionados de forma independente por dois revisores, que avaliaram a qualidade metodológica dos estudos com a escala PEDro. As buscas resultaram em 414 estudos, depois foram reduzidos a sete estudos elegíveis para análise de qualidade, classificados pela escala PEDro como qualidade alta e eficácia moderada. Os artigos analisados apresentaram boa qualidade metodológica, e seus resultados evidenciaram a efetividade da terapia complexa descongestiva na redução do volume do linfedema no tratamento intensivo.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN El linfedema es producido debido a la acumulación de proteínas y fluidos en el intersticio, causando alteraciones físicas y psicológicas. Entre las técnicas fisioterapéuticas empleadas para reducirlo se encuentra la terapia compleja descongestiva. El propósito de este estudio es identificar la práctica de la terapia compleja descongestiva en el tratamiento intensivo del linfedema. Para ello, se hizo una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE y PEDro. Los estudios elegidos fueron de tipo aleatorio y de cohorte, en los cuales se hizo una evaluación y elección de forma independiente por dos revisores, quienes trataron de evaluar la calidad metodología en los estudios con la escala PEDro. Se encontraron 414 estudios, después fueron reducidos a siete, elegidos para el análisis de calidad y clasificados en la escala PEDro como de alta calidad y eficacia moderada. Los estudios evaluados presentaron alta calidad metodológica, y sus resultados mostraron la eficacia de la terapia compleja descongestiva para el tratamiento intensivo de reducir el volumen del linfedema.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Lymphedema is characterized by accumulation of proteins and fluids in the interstice, with physical and psychological changes. Among the physiotherapeutic techniques used to reduce lymphedema we have the complex decongestive therapy. The objective of this review is to identify evidence for the practice of complex decongestive therapy for intensive care of lymphedema. A search was carried out in the PubMed, EMBASE and PEDro databases. The articles chosen were randomized and cohort studies, which have been evaluated and selected independently by two reviewers who evaluated the methodological quality of the studies within the PEDro Scale. The search resulted in 414 studies, reduced to seven eligible studies for quality analysis, classified by PEDro scale as high quality and moderate effectiveness studies. The analyzed articles showed good methodological quality and their results showed the effectiveness of complex decongestive therapy in reducing the volume of lymphedema in intensive care.

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          Effectiveness of early physiotherapy to prevent lymphoedema after surgery for breast cancer: randomised, single blinded, clinical trial

          Objective To determine the effectiveness of early physiotherapy in reducing the risk of secondary lymphoedema after surgery for breast cancer. Design Randomised, single blinded, clinical trial. Setting University hospital in Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Participants 120 women who had breast surgery involving dissection of axillary lymph nodes between May 2005 and June 2007. Intervention The early physiotherapy group was treated by a physiotherapist with a physiotherapy programme including manual lymph drainage, massage of scar tissue, and progressive active and action assisted shoulder exercises. This group also received an educational strategy. The control group received the educational strategy only. Main outcome measure Incidence of clinically significant secondary lymphoedema (>2 cm increase in arm circumference measured at two adjacent points compared with the non-affected arm). Results 116 women completed the one year follow-up. Of these, 18 developed secondary lymphoedema (16%): 14 in the control group (25%) and four in the intervention group (7%). The difference was significant (P=0.01); risk ratio 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.10 to 0.79). A survival analysis showed a significant difference, with secondary lymphoedema being diagnosed four times earlier in the control group than in the intervention group (intervention/control, hazard ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.79). Conclusion Early physiotherapy could be an effective intervention in the prevention of secondary lymphoedema in women for at least one year after surgery for breast cancer involving dissection of axillary lymph nodes. Trial registration Current controlled trials ISRCTN95870846.
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            Effects of manual lymphatic drainage on breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

            Background Lymphedema is a common complication of axillary dissection for breast cancer. We investigated whether manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) could prevent or manage limb edema in women after breast-cancer surgery. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness of MLD in the prevention and treatment of breast-cancer-related lymphedema. The PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases were searched for articles on MLD published before December 2012, with no language restrictions. The primary outcome for prevention was the incidence of postoperative lymphedema. The outcome for management of lymphedema was a reduction in edema volume. Results In total, 10 RCTs with 566 patients were identified. Two studies evaluating the preventive outcome of MLD found no significant difference in the incidence of lymphedema between the MLD and standard treatment groups, with a risk ratio of 0.63 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.14 to 2.82. Seven studies assessed the reduction in arm volume, and found no significant difference between the MLD and standard treatment groups, with a weighted mean difference of 75.12 (95% CI, −9.34 to 159.58). Conclusions The current evidence from RCTs does not support the use of MLD in preventing or treating lymphedema. However, clinical and statistical inconsistencies between the various studies confounded our evaluation of the effect of MLD on breast-cancer-related lymphedema.
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              Effective treatment of lymphedema of the extremities.

              To define the immediate and long-term volumetric reduction following complete decongestive physiotherapy (CDP) for lymphedema. Prospective study of consecutively treated patients. Freestanding outpatient referral centers. Two hundred ninety-nine patients referred for evaluation of lymphedema of the upper (2% primary, 98% secondary) or lower (61.3% primary, 38.7% secondary) extremities were treated with CDP for an average duration of 15.7 days. Lymphedema reduction was measured following completion of treatment and at 6- and 12-month follow-up visits. Complete decongestive physiotherapy is a 2-phase noninvasive therapeutic regimen. The first phase consists of manual lymphatic massage, multilayered inelastic compression bandaging, remedial exercises, and meticulous skin care. Phase 2 focuses on self-care by means of daytime elastic sleeve or stocking compression, nocturnal wrapping, and continued exercises. Average limb volumes in milliliters were calculated prior to treatment, at the end of phase 1, and at 6- to 12-month intervals during phase 2 to assess percent volume reduction. Lymphedema reduction averaged 59.1% after upper-extremity CDP and 67.7% after lower-extremity treatment. With an average follow-up of 9 months, this improvement was maintained in compliant patients (86%) at 90% of the initial reduction for upper extremities and lower extremities. Noncompliant patients lost a part (33%) of their initial reduction. The incidence of infections decreased from 1.10 infections per patient per year to 0.65 infections per patient per year after a complete course of CDP. Complete decongestive physiotherapy is a highly effective treatment for both primary and secondary lymphedema. The initial reductions in volume achieved are maintained in the majority of the treated patients. These patients typically report a significant recovery from their previous cosmetic and functional impairments, and also from the psychosocial limitations they experienced from a physical stigma they felt was often trivialized by the medical and payor communities.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                fp
                Fisioterapia e Pesquisa
                Fisioter. Pesqui.
                Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2316-9117
                September 2016
                : 23
                : 3
                : 311-317
                Affiliations
                [2] Guarapuava Paraná orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste orgdiv1Departamento de Fisioterapia Brazil
                [1] Coronel Martins SC orgnameSecretaria Municipal da Saúde de Coronel Martins Brasil
                [3] Guarapuava Paraná orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste orgdiv1Departamento de Farmácia Brazil
                [4] Curitiba Paraná orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná orgdiv1Departamento de Fisioterapia Brazil
                Article
                S1809-29502016000300311
                10.1590/1809-2950/15002623032016
                63183eaf-8725-471a-90e1-bde0f0ed6de8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : November 2016
                : November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Drenaje,Linfedema,Enfermedades Linfáticas,Neoplasias de la Mama,Drenagem,Doenças Linfáticas,Neoplasias da Mama,Drainage,Lymphedema,Lymphatic Diseases,Breast Neoplasms

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