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      Isolation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 7 from cattle showing fever in Japan in 2016 and improvement of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus

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          Abstract

          Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an arthropod-borne disease of wild and domestic ruminants caused by the EHD virus (EHDV). To date, seven EHDV serotypes have been identified. In Japan, strain Ibaraki of EHDV serotype 2 has caused outbreaks of Ibaraki disease in cattle. In addition, EHDV serotype 7 (EHDV-7) has caused large-scale EHD epizootics. In mid-September 2016, eight cattle at a breeding farm in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan developed fever. Since EHDV-7 was detected in sentinel cattle in western Japan in 2016, we suspected that the cause of this fever might be an EHDV-7 infection. In this study, we tested cattle for EHDV-7 and some other viruses. Consequently, EHDV was isolated from washed blood cells collected from three of the eight cattle, and genetic analysis of genome segment 2 revealed that this isolate was EHDV-7. Moreover, all affected cattle tested positive for anti-EHDV-7 neutralizing antibodies. Our results suggest that the fever was caused by EHDV-7 infection. In addition, we modified a conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the specific detection of EHDV. This modified assay could detect various strains of EHDV isolated in Japan, Australia, and North America. Furthermore, the assay permitted the detection of EHDV-7 in blood cells collected from seven of the eight cattle. We believe that this modified assay will be a useful tool for the diagnosis of EHD.

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          Most cited references37

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          MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms.

          The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software implements many analytical methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. Here, we report a transformation of Mega to enable cross-platform use on Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems. Mega X does not require virtualization or emulation software and provides a uniform user experience across platforms. Mega X has additionally been upgraded to use multiple computing cores for many molecular evolutionary analyses. Mega X is available in two interfaces (graphical and command line) and can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice

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              Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees.

              K Tamura, M Nei (1993)
              Examining the pattern of nucleotide substitution for the control region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in humans and chimpanzees, we developed a new mathematical method for estimating the number of transitional and transversional substitutions per site, as well as the total number of nucleotide substitutions. In this method, excess transitions, unequal nucleotide frequencies, and variation of substitution rate among different sites are all taken into account. Application of this method to human and chimpanzee data suggested that the transition/transversion ratio for the entire control region was approximately 15 and nearly the same for the two species. The 95% confidence interval of the age of the common ancestral mtDNA was estimated to be 80,000-480,000 years in humans and 0.57-2.72 Myr in common chimpanzees.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Vet Med Sci
                J Vet Med Sci
                JVMS
                The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
                The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
                0916-7250
                1347-7439
                12 July 2021
                September 2021
                : 83
                : 9
                : 1378-1388
                Affiliations
                [1) ]Fukuoka Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4-14-5 Hakozaki-Futo, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-0051, Japan
                [2) ]Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Food and Agriculture Research Organization (NARO), 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Shirafuji, H.: shirah@ 123456affrc.go.jp
                Article
                20-0523
                10.1292/jvms.20-0523
                8498830
                34248104
                62e8b741-a286-43fd-be80-4ff54ad2c4a2
                ©2021 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

                History
                : 02 September 2020
                : 20 June 2021
                Categories
                Virology
                Full Paper

                arbovirus,cattle,epizootic hemorrhagic disease,febrile illness,orbivirus

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