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      A few prolific liars in Japan: Replication and the effects of Dark Triad personality traits

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      1 , * , 2 , 3
      PLoS ONE
      Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          Truth-Default Theory (TDT) predicts that across countries and cultures, a few people tell most of the lies, while a majority of people lie less frequently than average. This prediction, referred to as “a few prolific liars,” is tested in Japan. The study further investigated the extent to which the Dark Triad personality traits predict the frequency of lying. University students ( N = 305) reported how many times they lied in the past 24 hours and answered personality questions. Results indicate that the few prolific liars pattern is evident in Japan thereby advancing TDT. Results also show that Japanese frequent liars tend to have Dark Triad personality traits, but the nature of the findings may be unique to Japan. Results of the generalized linear model suggest that the Dark Triad components of Machiavellianism and psychopathy exacerbate lying behavior by reducing the guilt associated with lying. However, narcissism encourages guilt and therefore inhibits lying behavior with both direct and indirect effects. These narcissism findings appear to contradict prior studies but stem from use of a more appropriate statistical analysis or the Japanese context.

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          Most cited references34

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          The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy

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            Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models

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              The dirty dozen: a concise measure of the dark triad.

              There has been an exponential increase of interest in the dark side of human nature during the last decade. To better understand this dark side, the authors developed and validated a concise, 12-item measure of the Dark Triad: narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism. In 4 studies involving 1,085 participants, they examined its structural reliability, convergent and discriminant validity (Studies 1, 2, and 4), and test-retest reliability (Study 3). Their measure retained the flexibility needed to measure these 3 independent-yet-related constructs while improving its efficiency by reducing its item count by 87% (from 91 to 12 items). The measure retained its core of disagreeableness, short-term mating, and aggressiveness. They call this measure the Dirty Dozen, but it cleanly measures the Dark Triad.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                15 April 2021
                2021
                : 16
                : 4
                : e0249815
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
                [2 ] Department of Management and Marketing, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
                [3 ] Department of Communication Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
                Univeristy of Padova, ITALY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-4219
                Article
                PONE-D-20-36658
                10.1371/journal.pone.0249815
                8049473
                33857197
                62de8329-b1a0-4062-bfd4-27214e029b3e
                © 2021 Daiku et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 20 November 2020
                : 26 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 3, Pages: 13
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001691, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science;
                Award ID: 18J10661
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001691, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science;
                Award ID: 20K22268
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 18J10661 and 20K22268.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Personality
                Personality Traits
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Personality
                Personality Traits
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Deception
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Deception
                Physical Sciences
                Mathematics
                Probability Theory
                Statistical Distributions
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Asia
                Japan
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Personality
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Personality
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Asia
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Culture
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
                Statistical Methods
                Generalized Linear Model
                Physical Sciences
                Mathematics
                Statistics
                Statistical Methods
                Generalized Linear Model
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

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