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      ESTADO DE LA VALORIZACIÓN DE BIORRESIDUOS DE ORIGEN RESIDENCIAL EN GRANDES CENTROS URBANOS Translated title: STATE OF THE VALORIZATION OF HOUSEHOLD BIOWASTE IN LARGE URBAN CENTERS

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN En este estudio se revisó el estado del arte de la valorización de biorresiduos de origen residencial (BOR) en grandes centros urbanos (GCU) de países en desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) y países de alto ingreso económico (AIE) a nivel mundial. A partir del análisis de la literatura científica y técnica de entidades oficiales de los dos contextos evaluados, se estudiaron 70 GCU (37 de ALC y 33 de países de AIE) de 34 países. Los resultados señalaron que la valorización de los BOR es una práctica establecida en al menos 27 GCU, tres de ellos en ALC y 24 en AIE de Norteamérica, Europa, Asia y Oceanía. En éstos se identificó la implementación de 14 sistemas-tipo. Aunque con diferencias entre los contextos evaluados, los métodos de tratamiento más usados son el compostaje y la digestión anaerobia. Otros métodos utilizados son el procesamiento térmico para producción de alimentos para animales y el tratamiento mecánico biológico (TMB) con compostaje y digestión anaerobia. Se evidenció que los sistemas implementados producen compost (empleado principalmente en la jardinería y la agricultura), energía eléctrica, calor, combustible vehicular y alimentos para animales. Por último, pese a la relevancia del flujo de BOR en los GCU de ALC y los beneficios de su valorización, los resultados de este estudio evidenciaron la predominancia de la disposición final de BOR en este contexto, para el cual se recomienda establecer a los BOR como una fracción prioritaria cuya valorización debe ser la finalidad de los sistemas de gestión.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT In the current study a literature review of household biowaste valorization in large urban centers of developing countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as high-income countries worldwide, was performed. From the analysis of scientific and technical literature of official entities of the two evaluated contexts, 70 large urban centers (37 from Latin America and the Caribbean and 33 from high-income countries), from a total of 34 countries, were studied. The results indicated that household biowaste valorization is established in at least 27 large urban centers, three of them in Latin America and the Caribbean and 24 in high-income countries of North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. In these, the implementation of 14 type-systems was identified. Although there are differences between the evaluated contexts, the most used treatment methods are composting and anaerobic digestion. Other methods used are thermal processing for animal food production and mechanical biological treatment with composting and with anaerobic digestion. It was evidenced that the implemented systems produce compost (mainly used in gardening and agriculture), electric power, heat, vehicular fuel and animal feed. Finally, despite the relevance of the household biowaste stream in Latin America and the Caribbean large urban centers, and the benefits of its recovery, the results of this study showed the predominance of household biowaste landfilling in this context. In consequence, it is recommended to establish the household biowaste as a priority fraction whose valorization should be the primary aim of management systems.

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          Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries.

          Solid waste management is a challenge for the cities' authorities in developing countries mainly due to the increasing generation of waste, the burden posed on the municipal budget as a result of the high costs associated to its management, the lack of understanding over a diversity of factors that affect the different stages of waste management and linkages necessary to enable the entire handling system functioning. An analysis of literature on the work done and reported mainly in publications from 2005 to 2011, related to waste management in developing countries, showed that few articles give quantitative information. The analysis was conducted in two of the major scientific journals, Waste Management Journal and Waste Management and Research. The objective of this research was to determine the stakeholders' action/behavior that have a role in the waste management process and to analyze influential factors on the system, in more than thirty urban areas in 22 developing countries in 4 continents. A combination of methods was used in this study in order to assess the stakeholders and the factors influencing the performance of waste management in the cities. Data was collected from scientific literature, existing data bases, observations made during visits to urban areas, structured interviews with relevant professionals, exercises provided to participants in workshops and a questionnaire applied to stakeholders. Descriptive and inferential statistic methods were used to draw conclusions. The outcomes of the research are a comprehensive list of stakeholders that are relevant in the waste management systems and a set of factors that reveal the most important causes for the systems' failure. The information provided is very useful when planning, changing or implementing waste management systems in cities.
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            A review on technological options of waste to energy for effective management of municipal solid waste

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              An overview of food waste management in developing countries: Current status and future perspective

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rica
                Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental
                Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient
                Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0188-4999
                2020
                : 36
                : 3
                : 755-774
                Affiliations
                [2] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Occidente Colombia
                [1] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Valle Colombia
                Article
                S0188-49992020000300755 S0188-4999(20)03600300755
                10.20937/rica.53341
                61e1f362-8f9d-41ab-90ed-e91c7bfc9418

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 July 2018
                : 01 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 158, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                aprovechamiento,organic waste,management systems,cities,Latin America,composting,anaerobic digestion,recovery,residuos orgánicos,sistemas de gestión,ciudades,Latinoamérica,compostaje,digestión anaerobia

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