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      Optical characterization of porcine tissues from various organs in the 650–1100 nm range using time-domain diffuse spectroscopy

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          Abstract

          We present a systematic characterization of the optical properties (µ a and µ s’) of nine representative ex vivo porcine tissues over a broadband spectrum (650-1100 nm). We applied time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopy measurements for recovering the optical properties of porcine tissues depicting a realistic representation of the tissue heterogeneity and morphology likely to be found in different ex vivo tissues. The results demonstrate a large spectral and inter-tissue variation of optical properties. The data can be exploited for planning or simulating ex vivo experiments with various biophotonics techniques, or even to construct artificial structures mimicking specific pathologies exploiting the wide assortment in optical properties.

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          Review of tissue simulating phantoms for optical spectroscopy, imaging and dosimetry.

          Optical spectroscopy, imaging, and therapy tissue phantoms must have the scattering and absorption properties that are characteristic of human tissues, and over the past few decades, many useful models have been created. In this work, an overview of their composition and properties is outlined, by separating matrix, scattering, and absorbing materials, and discussing the benefits and weaknesses in each category. Matrix materials typically are water, gelatin, agar, polyester or epoxy and polyurethane resin, room-temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone, or polyvinyl alcohol gels. The water and hydrogel materials provide a soft medium that is biologically and biochemically compatible with addition of organic molecules, and are optimal for scientific laboratory studies. Polyester, polyurethane, and silicone phantoms are essentially permanent matrix compositions that are suitable for routine calibration and testing of established systems. The most common three choices for scatters have been: (1.) lipid based emulsions, (2.) titanium or aluminum oxide powders, and (3.) polymer microspheres. The choice of absorbers varies widely from hemoglobin and cells for biological simulation, to molecular dyes and ink as less biological but more stable absorbers. This review is an attempt to indicate which sets of phantoms are optimal for specific applications, and provide links to studies that characterize main phantom material properties and recipes.
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            Corrigendum: Optical properties of biological tissues: a review

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              Near-infrared optical properties ofex vivohuman skin and subcutaneous tissues measured using the Monte Carlo inversion technique

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biomed Opt Express
                Biomed Opt Express
                BOE
                Biomedical Optics Express
                Optical Society of America
                2156-7085
                28 February 2020
                01 March 2020
                : 11
                : 3
                : 1697-1706
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Research and Innovation, Harwell Campus, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
                [2 ]Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
                [3 ]School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
                [4 ]Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
                [5 ]Biophotonics@Tyndall, IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
                [6 ]These authors contributed equally to this research
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9479-5614
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-4748
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5603-3731
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0912-1282
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-2089
                Article
                386349
                10.1364/BOE.386349
                7075607
                32206436
                61c217dd-e173-4b3a-ab4a-05f30b1cf53d
                Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

                Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

                History
                : 03 January 2020
                : 14 February 2020
                : 14 February 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 10.13039/100010661
                Award ID: 654148
                Award ID: 675332
                Funded by: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council 10.13039/501100000266
                Award ID: EP/R020965/1
                Categories
                Article

                Vision sciences
                Vision sciences

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