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      O impacto da institucionalização na infância e na adolescência: uma revisão de literatura Translated title: The impact of institutionalization on childhood and adolescence: a literature review

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          Abstract

          Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura sobre as instituições de abrigo, discutindo sua influência no desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes. A partir da Teoria Ecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano e do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, foram considerados estudos sobre abrigamento, realizados ao longo das últimas décadas. Muitos estudos discutem a vivência institucional, sendo que alguns apontam prejuízos ao desenvolvimento, enquanto outros indicam que a instituição pode ser uma alternativa positiva, quando o ambiente familiar é desorganizado e caótico. Embora sejam observadas melhoras na qualidade da assistência oferecidas pelos abrigos, especialmente após o ECA, discute-se a necessidade de ações direcionadas às equipes das instituições, a fim de oportunizar melhores condições de trabalho e diminuição da rotatividade. Além disso, é necessário entender a instituição como parte da rede de apoio social e afetivo, que também pode oferecer um espaço para o desenvolvimento saudável de crianças e adolescentes.

          Translated abstract

          This article reviews the literature about the impact of shelter institutions on children and adolescents' development. From a theoretical foundation based on the Ecology of Human Development and the views expressed in the Child and Adolescent's Statute, we searched for research conducted over the past few decades on the impact of shelters. Many researchers discuss institutional life, with some of them discussing its damage to development and others indicating its positive features, particularly when the family environment is disorganized and chaotic. Although progress was observed in the quality of the assistance offered by shelters, especially following passage of the Child and Adolescent's Statute, we discuss proposals aimed at institutions' staff, focusing on improving working conditions and decreasing turnover. In addition, it is necessary to understand those institutions as part of the social and emotional support network, and thus an important space for the healthy development of children and adolescents.

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          Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms.

          The concept of mechanisms that protect people against the psychological risks associated with adversity is discussed in relation to four main processes: reduction of risk impact, reduction of negative chain reactions, establishment and maintenance of self-esteem and self-efficacy, and opening up of opportunities. The mechanisms operating at key turning points in people's lives must be given special attention.
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              Cuidados maternos e saúde mental

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                psoc
                Psicologia & Sociedade
                Psicol. Soc.
                Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Social (Belo Horizonte )
                1807-0310
                April 2006
                : 18
                : 1
                : 71-80
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                Article
                S0102-71822006000100010
                10.1590/S0102-71822006000100010
                61b492be-50d0-41ac-8be5-a715826c080d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-7182&lng=en
                Categories
                PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                institutionalization,children,adolescents,development,institucionalização,crianças,adolescentes,desenvolvimento

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