Boosting High-Rate Zinc-Storage Performance by the Rational Design of Mn ₂O ₃ Nanoporous Architecture Cathode

Highlights

• Highly crystalline Mn ₂O ₃ materials with tunable pore sizes are obtained and employed as high-performance cathode materials for reversible aqueous Zn-ion battery.

• The Zn/Mn ₂O ₃ battery exhibits significantly improved rate capability and remarkable cycling durability due to the introduction of nanoporous architecture.

• The Zn ²⁺/H ⁺ intercalations mechanism is put forward for the Zn/Mn ₂O ₃ battery.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1007/s40820-019-0351-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Abstract

Manganese oxides are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials in rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) because of the low price and high security. However, the practical application of Mn ₂O ₃ in ZIBs is still plagued by the low specific capacity and poor rate capability. Herein, highly crystalline Mn ₂O ₃ materials with interconnected mesostructures and controllable pore sizes are obtained via a ligand-assisted self-assembly process and used as high-performance electrode materials for reversible aqueous ZIBs. The coordination degree between Mn ²⁺ and citric acid ligand plays a crucial role in the formation of the mesostructure, and the pore sizes can be easily tuned from 3.2 to 7.3 nm. Ascribed to the unique feature of nanoporous architectures, excellent zinc-storage performance can be achieved in ZIBs during charge/discharge processes. The Mn ₂O ₃ electrode exhibits high reversible capacity (233 mAh g ⁻¹ at 0.3 A g ⁻¹), superior rate capability (162 mAh g ⁻¹ retains at 3.08 A g ⁻¹) and remarkable cycling durability over 3000 cycles at a high current rate of 3.08 A g ⁻¹. Moreover, the corresponding electrode reaction mechanism is studied in depth according to a series of analytical methods. These results suggest that rational design of the nanoporous architecture for electrode materials can effectively improve the battery performance.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1007/s40820-019-0351-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.