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      Measuring mental well-being among frontline nurses during the COVID-19 crisis: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

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          Abstract

          In the days of the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline nurses providing care to different communities face are particularly vulnerable to the mental health threats of the crisis. The objective of this study was to examine the structural validity, convergent validity, and reliability of the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) in professional nurses amidst the COVID-19 crisis in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from 413 nurses in Saudi Arabia using a cross-sectional online survey. Consistent with the original version, results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed a unidimensional structure of the WEMWBS. Support for convergent validity was found as the WEMWBS significantly correlated with measures of burnout and compassion satisfaction. In terms of reliability, all WEMWBS items yielded high internal consistencies suggesting that the 14 items were robust indicators of mental well-being. In response to the challenges of the COVID-19 crisis, the current study offers a psychometrically sound instrument that can be utilized in screening the mental well-being of nurses in the days of a public health crisis. Preserving the positive aspect of mental health among frontline healthcare workers and promoting quality of care for communities requires a contextualized measurement tool that efficiently assesses mental well-being.

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          COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses

          Muhammad Adnan Shereen, Suliman Khan, Abeer Kazmi … (2020)
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          Article 0 comments Cited 1356 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Mental Illness and Mental Health: The Two Continua Model Across the Lifespan

            Gerben J Westerhof, Corey Keyes (2009)
            Mental health has long been defined as the absence of psychopathologies, such as depression and anxiety. The absence of mental illness, however, is a minimal outcome from a psychological perspective on lifespan development. This article therefore focuses on mental illness as well as on three core components of positive mental health: feelings of happiness and satisfaction with life (emotional well-being), positive individual functioning in terms of self-realization (psychological well-being), and positive societal functioning in terms of being of social value (social well-being). The two continua model holds that mental illness and mental health are related but distinct dimensions. This model was studied on the basis of a cross-sectional representative internet survey of Dutch adults (N = 1,340; 18–87 years). Mental illness was measured with the Brief Symptom Inventory and mental health with the Mental Health Continuum Short Form. It was found that older adults, except for the oldest-old, scored lower on psychopathological symptoms and were less likely to be mentally ill than younger adults. Although there were fewer age differences for mental health, older adults experienced more emotional, similar social and slightly lower psychological well-being. In sum, today’s older adults have fewer mental illness problems, but they are not in a better positive mental health than today’s younger adults. These findings support the validity of the two continua model in adult development.
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              Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review

              Natasha Shaukat, Daniyal Mansoor Ali, Junaid Razzak (2020)
              Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has spread to 198 countries, with approximately 2.4 million confirmed cases and 150,000 deaths globally as of April 18. Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) face a substantially higher risk of infection and death due to excessive COVID-19 exposure. This review aimed at summarizing the evidence of the physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on health-care workers (HCWs). Methods We used the Arksey O’Malley framework to conduct a scoping review. A systematic literature search was conducted using two databases: PubMed and Google Scholar. We found 154 studies, and out of which 10 met our criteria. We collected information on the date of publication, first author’s country, the title of the article, study design, study population, intervention and outcome, and key findings, and divided all research articles into two domains: physical and mental health impact. Results We reviewed a total of 154 articles from PubMed (126) and Google Scholar (28), of which 58 were found to be duplicate articles and were excluded. Of the remaining 96 articles, 82 were excluded after screening for eligibility, and 4 articles did not have available full texts. Ten full-text articles were reviewed and included in this study. Our findings identified the following risk factors for COVID-19-related health impact: working in a high-risk department, diagnosed family member, inadequate hand hygiene, suboptimal hand hygiene before and after contact with patients, improper PPE use, close contact with patients (≥ 12 times/day), long daily contact hours (≥ 15 h), and unprotected exposure. The most common symptoms identified amongst HCWs were fever (85%), cough (70%), and weakness (70%). Prolonged PPE usage led to cutaneous manifestations and skin damage (97%), with the nasal bridge (83%) most commonly affected site. HCWs experienced high levels of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress. Female HCWs and nurses were disproportionately affected. Conclusion The frontline healthcare workers are at risk of physical and mental consequences directly as the result of providing care to patients with COVID-19. Even though there are few intervention studies, early data suggest implementation strategies to reduce the chances of infections, shorter shift lengths, and mechanisms for mental health support could reduce the morbidity and mortality amongst HCWs.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-1063
                aruta_johnjamirbenzon@yahoo.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Curr Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Curr Psychol
                Title: Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.j.)
                Publisher: Springer US (New York )
                ISSN (Print): 1046-1310
                ISSN (Electronic): 1936-4733
                Publication date (Electronic): 4 February 2022
                Pages: 1-11
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.411987.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2153 4317, De La Salle University, ; 2401 Taft Avenue, Malate 1004 Manila, Philippines
                [2 ]GRID grid.428191.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0495 7803, School of Medicine, , Nazarbayev University, ; Nursultan, 010000 Kazakhstan
                [3 ]GRID grid.494617.9, ISNI 0000 0004 4907 8298, Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, , University of Hafr Albatin, ; Hafr Albatin, Saudi Arabia
                [4 ]GRID grid.449051.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0441 5633, Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, , Majmaah University, ; Majmaah, 11952 Saudi Arabia
                [5 ]GRID grid.443320.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0608 0056, Medical Surgical Department, College of Nursing, , University of Hail, ; Hail, Saudi Arabia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-1063
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2828
                DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02828-2
                PMC ID: 8815723
                PubMed ID: 35153454
                SO-VID: 60d12f6e-f383-46ad-a7cd-47a08747c1b1
                Copyright © © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date accepted : 27 January 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: warwick-edinburgh mental well-being scale,mental well-being,nurses,covid-19,saudi arabia
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: warwick-edinburgh mental well-being scale, mental well-being, nurses, covid-19, saudi arabia

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