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      Erratum to: Neural correlates of reward processing in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome

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          Abstract

          Erratum Upon publication of the original article [1], it was noticed that the legends of Table 2 and Table 3 were incorrect and instead of: ‘*p<0.001 FWE-corrected at cluster level L left, R right, BA Brodmann area’ Table 2 Peak level coordinates in the significant* cluster during anticipation of reward Group Brain structure BA MNI coordinates T score x y z 22q11DS L Hypothalamus NA −10 −6 −8 4.83 R Inferior frontal gyrus 47 26 18 −12 5.08 L Medial frontal gyrus 6 −10 −30 74 5.35 L Middle frontal gyrus 8 −24 20 48 4.53 R Middle frontal gyrus 10 34 50 0 4.53 L Middle temporal gyrus 21 −52 −46 4 4.37 R Middle temporal gyrus 21 54 −24 −12 4.64 R Putamen NA 28 −10 12 4.64 L Superior temporal gyrus 39 −34 −58 28 4.52 R Superior temporal gyrus 41 56 −20 4 4.63 Controls L Cingulate gyrus 24 −4 −10 40 7.79 R Cingulate gyrus 24 4 −12 40 7.26 R Cingulate gyrus 23 4 −16 34 6.96 R Cingulate gyrus 23 4 −32 28 5.52 R Cingulate gyrus 24 2 −18 44 9.02 R Cingulate gyrus 23 4 −12 30 5.64 R Middle occipital gyrus 18 32 −88 −8 7.39 L Posterior cingulate 23 −2 −30 24 9.25 R Precentral gyrus 4 20 −28 72 6.22 L Precuneus 31 −8 −62 22 5.73 R Precuneus 31 20 −78 26 6.58 R Superior frontal gyrus 6 6 16 68 5.69 L Transverse temporal gyrus 41 −42 −30 12 6.08 22q11DS > controls No significant results Controls > 22q11DS L Cingulate gyrus 24 −4 −12 38 3.10 L Cingulate gyrus 24 −8 −20 40 3.24 R Cingulate gyrus 24 4 −12 40 4.63 R Cingulate gyrus 23 4 −30 28 3.28 R Cingulate gyrus 24 2 −20 40 5.03 R Cingulate gyrus 31 12 −32 42 3.24 R Medial frontal gyrus 6 10 −12 74 3.66 L Paracentral lobule 5 −8 −44 50 3.12 R Paracentral lobule 4 6 −42 72 3.10 R Postcentral gyrus 4 12 −38 60 4.60 L Precuneus 31 −2 −70 24 3.31 *p<0.05 FWE-corrected at cluster level L left, R right, BA Brodmann area Table 3 Peak level coordinates in the significant* cluster during anticipation of Loss Group Brain structure BA MNI coordinates T score x y z 22q11DS L Cingulate gyrus 24 −6 −6 34 5.29 L Cingulate gyrus 24 −10 6 38 4.14 L Hippocampus NA −28 −22 −8 3.96 L Hypothalamus NA −8 −6 −10 5.44 R Medial frontal gyrus 6 10 0 66 4.14 L Middle frontal gyrus 6 −26 −4 64 4.34 L Middle frontal gyrus 11 −32 44 −8 4.07 R Middle frontal gyrus 6 30 10 60 3.93 R Middle frontal gyrus 10 34 38 22 6.04 Controls R Cingulate gyrus 24 2 −12 36 6.43 R Cingulate gyrus 24 2 −16 44 4.96 R Cingulate gyrus 24 10 −12 40 4.12 L Insula 13 −32 8 18 4.17 R Medial frontal gyrus 6 10 −14 54 4.99 R Medial frontal gyrus 6 10 −16 58 4.59 L Middle frontal gyrus 11 −30 36 −12 5.62 R Middle frontal gyrus 6 26 −18 66 4.75 R Middle frontal gyrus 9 28 32 32 4.59 R Precentral gyrus 4 20 −26 68 5.29 R Precentral gyrus 6 24 −16 74 4.08 R Superior temporal gyrus 41 48 −28 8 4.07 22q11DS > controls No significant results Controls > 22q11DS L Cuneus 18 −4 −80 24 2.78 L Cuneus 18 −4 −90 12 2.74 L Cuneus 18 −10 −88 12 2.80 L Cuneus 18 −8 −84 20 3.06 R Cuneus 18 18 −84 26 3.62 R Cuneus 18 10 −82 26 2.84 R Cuneus 18 16 −86 16 3.01 R Cuneus 7 22 −84 32 2.95 R Cuneus 7 22 −80 28 3.00 L Middle occipital gyrus 19 −28 −82 14 2.89 L Posterior cingulate 23 −4 −54 22 2.86 L Precuneus 31 −2 −72 26 3.11 L Precuneus 31 −6 −68 24 3.20 L Precuneus 31 0 −78 24 2.81 L Precuneus 31 −24 −78 14 2.70 R Precuneus 7 14 −70 52 2.71 *p<0.05 FWE-corrected at cluster level L left, R right, BA Brodmann area should both read: ‘*p<0.05 FWE-corrected at cluster level L left, R right, BA Brodmann area’ This has now been corrected in this erratum and is shown in the below tables.

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          Neural correlates of reward processing in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome

          Background 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11.2 and associated with an increased risk to develop psychosis. The gene coding for catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) is located at the deleted region, resulting in disrupted dopaminergic neurotransmission in 22q11DS, which may contribute to the increased vulnerability for psychosis. A dysfunctional motivational reward system is considered one of the salient features in psychosis and thought to be related to abnormal dopaminergic neurotransmission. The functional anatomy of the brain reward circuitry has not yet been investigated in 22q11DS. Methods This study aims to investigate neural activity during anticipation of reward and loss in adult patients with 22q11DS. We measured blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activity in 16 patients with 22q11DS and 12 healthy controls during a monetary incentive delay task using a 3T Philips Intera MRI system. Data were analysed using SPM8. Results During anticipation of reward, the 22q11DS group alone displayed significant activation in bilateral middle frontal and temporal brain regions. Compared to healthy controls, significantly less activation in bilateral cingulate gyrus extending to premotor, primary motor and somatosensory areas was found. During anticipation of loss, the 22q11DS group displayed activity in the left middle frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex, and relative to controls, they showed reduced brain activation in bilateral (pre)cuneus and left posterior cingulate. Within the 22q11DS group, COMT Val hemizygotes displayed more activation compared to Met hemizygotes in right posterior cingulate and bilateral parietal regions during anticipation of reward. During anticipation of loss, COMT Met hemizygotes compared to Val hemizygotes showed more activation in bilateral insula, striatum and left anterior cingulate. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate reward processing in 22q11DS. Our preliminary results suggest that people with 22q11DS engage a fronto-temporal neural network. Compared to healthy controls, people with 22q11DS primarily displayed reduced activity in medial frontal regions during reward anticipation. COMT hemizygosity affects responsivity of the reward system in this condition. Alterations in reward processing partly underlain by the dopamine system may play a role in susceptibility for psychosis in 22q11DS.
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            Author and article information

            Contributors
            eda.vanduin@maastrichtuniversity.nl
            Journal
            J Neurodev Disord
            J Neurodev Disord
            Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
            BioMed Central (London )
            1866-1947
            1866-1955
            4 August 2016
            4 August 2016
            2016
            : 8
            : 31
            Affiliations
            [1 ]Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
            [2 ]Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
            Article
            9163
            10.1186/s11689-016-9163-8
            4973525
            27493698
            60717336-9a49-4f2e-bfdc-1d4f34075ed3
            © The Author(s). 2016

            Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

            History
            : 19 July 2016
            : 19 July 2016
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            © The Author(s) 2016

            Neurosciences
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