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      A rare case report of fatal acute myocardial infarction as a complication of myocardial abscess

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Background

          Myocardial abscess is a very rare life-threatening suppurative infection of the heart. Usually, myocardial abscess is a complication of infective endocarditis, and it is rarely associated with isolated myocardial infection. We present a case of an isolated myocardial abscess presenting with acute myocardial infarction.

          Case summary

          A 61-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease presented with a 3-h history of chest pain and inferior ST elevation. He had been treated for right-sided pneumonia 1.5 months prior to admission. Coronary angiography revealed acute occlusion of the posterolateral ventricular artery, and he underwent balloon angioplasty, which successfully restored TIMI-3 blood flow. Unfortunately, the patient went into cardiac arrest several hours later from which he could not be resuscitated. A post-mortem revealed a myocardial abscess in the inferior wall of the left ventricle.

          Discussion

          Myocardial abscess is a challenging diagnosis due to the speed of clinical deterioration and rarity. High clinical suspicion and urgent multimodality imaging may aid in the diagnosis.

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          Most cited references14

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          Type 2 Diabetes and its Impact on the Immune System

          Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a major health problem worldwide. This metabolic disease is indicated by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production by the pancreas. An inflammatory response occurs as a result of the immune response to high blood glucose levels as well as the presence of inflammatory mediators produced by adipocytes and macrophages in fat tissue. This low and chronic inflammation damages the pancreatic beta cells and leads to insufficient insulin production, which results in hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia in diabetes is thought to cause dysfunction of the immune response, which fails to control the spread of invading pathogens in diabetic subjects. Therefore, diabetic subjects are known to more susceptible to infections. The increased prevalence of T2D will increase the incidence of infectious diseases and related comorbidities. Objective: This review provides an overview of the immunological aspect of T2D and the possible mechanisms that result in increased infections in diabetics. Conclusion: A better understanding of how immune dysfunctions occur during hyperglycemia can lead to novel treatments and preventions for infectious diseases and T2D comorbidities, thus improving the outcome of infectious disease treatment in T2D patients.
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            Abscess in infective endocarditis: the value of transesophageal echocardiography and outcome: a 5-year study.

            In patients with infective endocarditis (IE), detection of abscess remains difficult. We investigated abscess detection by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and predictors of abscess and death in patients with IE. A 5-year study included 115 patients with definite IE according to the modified Duke criteria who underwent TEE and cardiac surgery. Abscess was found perioperatively in 44 patients (38%). Twenty-one abscesses (48%) were detected by TEE. Sixty-one percent of missed abscesses were localized on the posterior mitral annulus. In 64% of unrecognized mitral valve abscesses, the abscess was localized around calcification in the posterior mitral annulus. Fourteen patients (54%) had prosthetic valve dehiscence, and 8 (57%) had abscess as well. Overall 6-month mortality was 17% and predictable by age (odds ratio 1.1, 95% CI 1-1.001, P = .01), abscess (odds ratio 5.3, 95% CI 1.5-19, P = .01), and the causative microorganism (P = .035), in particular staphylococci. In patients with a missed abscess, surgical delay was significantly longer (P = .04) and mortality was nonsignificantly higher (P = .2) than in patients with a preoperatively detected abscess. Detection of abscess by TEE seemed to be underestimated. In most cases, abscess was missed in the presence of calcification in the posterior mitral annulus. Age, abscess, and staphylococcal infection predicted 6-month mortality. Early surgery may improve outcome in patients with an abscess.
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              Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction due to septic embolism: a case report and review of management options.

              Acute ST-elevation myocardial (STEMI) infarction due to septic embolism is rare and management strategies differ from those applied to atherothrombotic STEMI. A 70-year-old male with aortic valve endocarditis and persistent bacteremia developed acute inferior wall STEMI due to septic embolism. Due to inferior STEMI accompanied by hemodynamic instability, coronary angiography and primary PCI (stenting) to a totally occluded right coronary artery (RCA) was performed. Despite excellent immediate angiographic results and hemodynamic stabilization, repeat angiogram two weeks later showed mycotic aneurysms at the site of stent placement. Patient later suffered from intracranial hemorrhage and splenic infarct and had worsening aortic regurgitation, prompting surgical aortic valve replacement with bypass of the RCA. Despite aggressive medical, interventional and surgical management, he expired four weeks after the surgery. Selection of an optimal revascularization strategy in this scenario is unclear with a potential harm from standard therapies. We have reviewed prior reports and summarized results in a tabular form.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Handling Editor
                Role: Editor
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                Eur Heart J Case Rep
                Eur Heart J Case Rep
                ehjcr
                European Heart Journal: Case Reports
                Oxford University Press (US )
                2514-2119
                April 2023
                05 April 2023
                05 April 2023
                : 7
                : 4
                : ytad167
                Affiliations
                Department of interventional cardiology, State Institution National Scientific Center The M.D. Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology, clinical and regenerative medicine of the National academy of medical sciences of Ukraine , Svyatoslava Horobrogo 5, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
                Department of interventional cardiology, State Institution National Scientific Center The M.D. Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology, clinical and regenerative medicine of the National academy of medical sciences of Ukraine , Svyatoslava Horobrogo 5, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
                Department of pathology, State Institution National Scientific Center The M.D. Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology, clinical and regenerative medicine of the National academy of medical sciences of Ukraine , Svyatoslava Horobrogo 5, 03151 Kyiv, Ukraine
                Author notes
                Corresponding author. Tel: +380666669278, Fax: +380442756622, Email: linalutsenko@ 123456gmail.com

                Conflict of interest: None declared.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9057-6115
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8133-9318
                Article
                ytad167
                10.1093/ehjcr/ytad167
                10118630
                6034d7d7-f49b-442d-b69e-8fd851e28bf2
                © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

                History
                : 31 October 2022
                : 09 January 2023
                : 03 April 2023
                : 20 April 2023
                Page count
                Pages: 6
                Categories
                Case Report
                Coronary Intervention
                AcademicSubjects/MED00200
                Ehjcr/6
                Ehjcr/7
                Ehjcr/9

                case report,myocardial abscess,pci,myocardial infarction,st-segment elevation myocardial infarction

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