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      Produtividade e qualidade de frutos de pepino africano em resposta à adubação nitrogenada Translated title: Yield and quality of horned cucumber in response to nitrogen fertilization

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          Abstract

          O pepino africano (Cucumis metuliferus) é uma planta nativa do continente africano, com potencial para comércio internacional, destinado tanto ao consumo, na forma de sucos, como ao uso farmacêutico. Todavia, pouco se sabe sobre seu manejo cultural, em nossas condições, sobretudo quanto à adubação nitrogenada. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de doses de nitrogênio sobr e o crescimento da planta, a produtividade e a qualidade de frutos. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em vasos de 10 L. Constou de seis tratamentos, correspondentes às doses de N de 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 e 200 kg ha-1, distribuídas no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 11 repetições. Avaliaram-se: produção de frutos, massas de matéria seca de parte aérea e de raízes e características físicas e químicas de frutos. O número de frutos e a massa de matéria fresca de frutos apresentaram valores máximos estimados de 2,24 frutos/planta e de 516,41 g/planta, respectivamente, com as doses de 122,50 e de 154,44 kg ha-1 de N. A massa média de fruto estimada foi de 240,27 g/fruto, obtida com a dose máxima testada (200 kg ha-1 de N). A massa seca de parte aérea teve máximo estimado de 39,12 g/planta, com a dose de 144,0 kg ha-1 de N. As doses de N não interferiram na qualidade dos frutos. Para o cultivo do pepino africano, sugere-se a dose de 154,44 kg ha-1 de N, que proporciona 2,18 frutos/ planta, com massa média de 237,07 g/fruto, e produtividade estimada de 516,41 g/planta.

          Translated abstract

          African horned cucumber (Cucumis metuliferus) is native from Africa and has great potential for international trade of both juice consumption and pharmaceutical uses. However, little is known about the crop management in our conditions, particularly in terms of nitrogen fertilization. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal N level for plant growth and fruit yield as well as fruit quality. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using 10 L pots. The experimental arrangement was a completely randomized design with six treatments corresponding to the N rates 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 kg ha-1, with 11 replications. The variables evaluated included fruit yield, shoot dry matter, root dry matter and physical and chemical characterization of the fruits. The number of fruits and weight of fresh matter of fruits per plant presented maximum values of 2.24 fruits/plant and 516.41 g/plant, respectively, for the rates of 122.50 and 154.44 kg ha-1 N. The average weight of fruit was estimated at 240.27 g/fruit at the maximum N level tested (200 kg ha-1 N). The highest shoot dry matter was 39.12 g/plant at 144.00 kg ha-1 N. The N levels did not influence the quality of the fruits. For the cultivation of African cucumber, we recommend the rate of 154.44 kg ha-1 N that provides 2.18 fruits/ plant with average mass of 237.07 g/fruit and yield estimated at 516.41 g/plant.

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          Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency.

          Crop productivity relies heavily on nitrogen (N) fertilization. Production and application of N fertilizers consume huge amounts of energy, and excess is detrimental to the environment; therefore, increasing plant N use efficiency (NUE) is essential for the development of sustainable agriculture. Plant NUE is inherently complex, as each step-including N uptake, translocation, assimilation, and remobilization-is governed by multiple interacting genetic and environmental factors. The limiting factors in plant metabolism for maximizing NUE are different at high and low N supplies, indicating great potential for improving the NUE of current cultivars, which were bred in well-fertilized soil. Decreasing environmental losses and increasing the productivity of crop-acquired N requires the coordination of carbohydrate and N metabolism to give high yields. Increasing both the grain and N harvest index to drive N acquisition and utilization are important approaches for breeding future high-NUE cultivars.
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            Mineral nutrition of higher plant

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              Sistema para Análise Estatística: Versão 9.1

              (2007)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rceres
                Revista Ceres
                Rev. Ceres
                Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Viçosa )
                2177-3491
                February 2014
                : 61
                : 1
                : 141-146
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                Article
                S0034-737X2014000100019
                10.1590/S0034-737X2014000100019
                5f350a12-fa63-4699-b261-c74d4da4ed60

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-737X&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General agriculture
                Cucumis metuliferus,Kiwano,African horned cucumber,production,pepino chifrudo,produção

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