Dietary fiber and prevalence of abdominal aortic calcification in the United States (from the national health and nutrition examination survey data [2013–2014])

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Abstract

Background

Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is recognized as a valuable predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Dietary fiber is strongly correlated with CVDs. However, the effect of dietary fiber on AAC in the population is not well understood.

Objective

To assess the relationship between dietary fiber intake and AAC in the US adult population.

Methods

A total of 2671 individuals with both dietary fiber intake and AAC score data were enrolled from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional health examination in the US. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence interval (CI). To reveal the relationship between dietary fiber intake and AAC, restricted cubic spline was also applied.

Results

Out of the total participants, 241 (9%) had severe AAC and 550 (20%) had mild-moderate AAC. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with lower risk of severe AAC, but not with lower risk of mild-moderate AAC. For every one standard deviation increase (9.4 g/day) in dietary fiber intake, the odds of severe AAC were reduced by 28% [OR 0.72 (95% CI, 0.57–0.90), p = 0.004], after adjusting for confounding factors. Dose–response relationship revealed that dietary fiber intake was negatively correlated with severe AAC ( p for linear < 0.001, p for nonlinear = 0.695).

Conclusions

Dietary fiber intake was negatively associated with severe AAC, and showed a dose–response relationship in US adults.

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Most cited references 37

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Update on NHANES Dietary Data: Focus on Collection, Release, Analytical Considerations, and Uses to Inform Public Policy12

Namanjeet Ahluwalia, Johanna T. Dwyer, Ana Terry … (2016)

NHANES is the cornerstone for national nutrition monitoring to inform nutrition and health policy. Nutritional assessment in NHANES is described with a focus on dietary data collection, analysis, and uses in nutrition monitoring. NHANES has been collecting thorough data on diet, nutritional status, and chronic disease in cross-sectional surveys with nationally representative samples since the early 1970s. Continuous data collection began in 1999 with public data release in 2-y cycles on ∼10,000 participants. In 2002, the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the NHANES dietary component were merged, forming a consolidated dietary data collection known as What We Eat in America; since then, 24-h recalls have been collected on 2 d using the USDA’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Detailed and targeted food-frequency questionnaires have been collected in some NHANES cycles. Dietary supplement use data have been collected (in detail since 2007) so that total nutrient intakes can be described for the population. The continuous NHANES can adapt its content to address emerging public health needs and reflect federal priorities. Changes in data collection methods are made after expert input and validation/crossover studies. NHANES dietary data are used to describe intake of foods, nutrients, food groups, and dietary patterns by the US population and large sociodemographic groups to plan and evaluate nutrition programs and policies. Usual dietary intake distributions can be estimated after adjusting for day-to-day variation. NHANES remains open and flexible to incorporate improvements while maintaining data quality and providing timely data to track the nation’s nutrition and health status. In summary, NHANES collects dietary data in the context of its broad, multipurpose goals; the strengths and limitations of these data are also discussed in this review.

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New indices to classify location, severity and progression of calcific lesions in the abdominal aorta: a 25-year follow-up study.

L Kauppila (1997)

The purpose of the present study was to assess the location, severity and progression of radiopaque lumbar aortic calcifications and to evaluate the utility of summary scores of lumbar calcification in a population-based cohort. Lateral lumbar films, obtained in 617 Framingham heart study participants, were analysed for the presence of abdominal aortic wall calcification in the region corresponding to the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae. The severity of the anterior and posterior aortic calcification were graded individually on a 0-3 scale for each lumbar segment and the results were summarized to develop four different composite scores: (1) affected segments score (range 0-4); (2) anterior and posterior affected score (range 0-8); and (3) antero-posterior severity score (range 0-24). The prevalence of aortic calcification was 37% in men and 27% in women at baseline and 86% in both genders at the follow-up exam 25 years later. During the follow-up interval, the mean of the affected segments score increased from 0.7 in men (0.5 in women) to 2.7 (2.8 in women), the mean of the anterior and posterior affected score from 1.2 (0.8 in women) (P = 0.012 for difference between genders) and the mean of the antero-posterior severity score increased from 1.5 (1.3 in women) to 9.3 (10.3 in women). The antero-posterior severity score offered a slight advantage over other composite scores and had the highest inter-rater intra-class correlations. In summary, lumbar aortic calcification can be graded and composite summary scores are reproducible. This technique appears to provide a simple, low cost assessment of subclinical vascular disease.

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Impact of Dietary Fiber Consumption on Insulin Resistance and the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes.

Martin Weickert, Andreas Pfeiffer (2018)

Large prospective cohort studies consistently show associations of a high dietary fiber intake (>25 g/d in women and >38 g/d in men) with a 20-30% reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), after correction for confounders. It is less well recognized that these effects appear to be mainly driven by high intakes of whole grains and insoluble cereal fibers, which typically are nonviscous and do not relevantly influence postprandial glucose responses [i.e., glycemic index (GI)] or are strongly fermented by the gut microbiota in the colon. In contrast, a dietary focus on soluble, viscous, gel-forming, more readily fermentable fiber intakes derived from fruit and certain vegetables yields mixed results and generally does not appear to reduce T2D risk. Although disentangling types of fiber-rich foods and separating these from possible effects related to the GI is an obvious challenge, the common conclusion that key metabolic effects of high-fiber intake are explained by mechanisms that should mainly apply to the soluble, viscous type can be challenged. More recently, studies in humans and animal models focused on gaining mechanistic insights into why especially high-cereal-fiber (HCF) diets appear to improve insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes risk. Although effects of HCF diets on weight loss are only moderate and comparable to other types of dietary fibers, possible novel mechanisms have emerged, which include the prevention of the absorption of dietary protein and modulation of the amino acid metabolic signature. Here we provide an update of our previous review from 2008, with a focus on mechanistic insights of how HCF diets may improve IR and the risk of developing T2D.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Wen Tian: wtian56@cmu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nutr J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nutr J

Title: Nutrition Journal

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1475-2891

Publication date (Electronic): 6 May 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 6 May 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 21

Electronic Location Identifier: 25

Affiliations

GRID grid.412636.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 9485, Department of Geriatrics, , The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, ; No.155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 China

Article

Publisher ID: 782

DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00782-0

PMC ID: 9074363

PubMed ID: 35524312

SO-VID: 5ee8f50c-8c14-4a30-9a6b-cd4e2b37bc2d

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 14 January 2022

Date accepted : 29 April 2022

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics

Keywords: vascular calcification,abdominal aortic calcification,dietary fiber,nutrition,nhanes

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics

Keywords: vascular calcification, abdominal aortic calcification, dietary fiber, nutrition, nhanes

Dietary fiber and prevalence of abdominal aortic calcification in the United States (from the national health and nutrition examination survey data [2013–2014])

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Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 37

Update on NHANES Dietary Data: Focus on Collection, Release, Analytical Considerations, and Uses to Inform Public Policy12

New indices to classify location, severity and progression of calcific lesions in the abdominal aorta: a 25-year follow-up study.

Impact of Dietary Fiber Consumption on Insulin Resistance and the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes.

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