Aminopenicillins resistance among Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains is associated with a single mutation in the promoting region of a chromosomal beta-lactamase bla OXA61 , allowing its expression. Clavulanic acid is used to restore aminopenicillins activity in case of bla OXA61 expression and has also an inherent antimicrobial activity over Campylobacter spp. Resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is therefore extremely rare among these species: only 0.1% of all Campylobacter spp. analyzed in the French National Reference Center these last years (2017–2022).
Whole genome sequencing with bioinformatic resistance identification combined with mass spectrometry (MS) was used to identify amoxicillin-acid clavulanic resistance mechanism in Campylobacters.
A G57T mutation in bla OXA61 promoting region was identified in all C. jejuni and C. coli ampicillin resistant isolates and no mutation in ampicillin susceptible isolates. Interestingly, three C. coli resistant to both ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid displayed a supplemental deletion in the promoting region of bla OXA61 beta-lactamase, at position A69. Using MS, a significant difference in the expression of Bla OXA61 was observed between these three isolates and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid susceptible C. coli.