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      A preliminary survey and range extension of millipedes species introduced in Brazil (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)

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          Abstract

          Abstract The present study provides historical and new records of the introduced millipedes species in Brazil, Oxidus gracilis (C.L. Koch, 1847), Orthomorpha coarctata (Saussure, 1860) (Paradoxosomatidae), Prosopodesmus jacobsoni Silvestri, 1910 (Haplodesmidae), Trachyjulus calvus (Pocock, 1893a), Glyphiulus granulatus (Gervais, 1847) (Cambalopsidae), Trigoniulus corallinus (Gervais, 1842), Leptogoniulus sorornus (Butler, 1876), Epitrigoniulus cruentatus (Brölemann, 1903) (Pachybolidae), Paraspirobolus lucifugus (Gervais, 1837) (Spirobolellidae), Cylindroiulus britannicus (Verhoeff, 1891), Cylindroiulus truncorum (Silvestri, 1896) (Julidae), and Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock, 1894) (Siphonotidae). Among the 27 federative units in Brazil, 21 states present at least one record of a non-native species. Orthomorpha coarctata was the most widely distributed species, occurring in 15 states. Glyphiulus granulatus (state of Rio Grande do Sul), C. truncorum (São Paulo), and R. purpureus (Amazonas) were recorded from only one Brazilian state. The Southeast region concentrates most of the compiled records (42,6%) and richness by grid (5-7 species), mainly in urban areas of the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

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          Are invasive species the drivers of ecological change?

          Raphael Didham, Robert M. Ewers, Neil J. Gemmell … (2005)
          Invasive species are widely accepted as one of the leading direct causes of biodiversity loss. However, much of the evidence for this contention is based on simple correlations between exotic dominance and native species decline in degraded systems. Although appealing, direct causality is not the only possible interpretation. A plausible alternative hypothesis is that exotic dominance could be the indirect consequence of habitat modification driving native species loss. In a new paper, MacDougall and Turkington now provide the first direct test of whether invasive species are the drivers of community change, or merely 'passengers' along for the environmental ride.
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            Uncovering trophic positions and food resources of soil animals using bulk natural stable isotope composition

            Anton M. Potapov, Alexei V Tiunov, Stefan Scheu (2019)
            Despite the major importance of soil biota in nutrient and energy fluxes, interactions in soil food webs are poorly understood. Here we provide an overview of recent advances in uncovering the trophic structure of soil food webs using natural variations in stable isotope ratios. We discuss approaches of application, normalization and interpretation of stable isotope ratios along with methodological pitfalls. Analysis of published data from temperate forest ecosystems is used to outline emerging concepts and perspectives in soil food web research. In contrast to aboveground and aquatic food webs, trophic fractionation at the basal level of detrital food webs is large for carbon and small for nitrogen stable isotopes. Virtually all soil animals are enriched in 13 C as compared to plant litter. This 'detrital shift' likely reflects preferential uptake of 13 C-enriched microbial biomass and underlines the importance of microorganisms, in contrast to dead plant material, as a major food resource for the soil animal community. Soil organic matter is enriched in 15 N and 13 C relative to leaf litter. Decomposers inhabiting mineral soil layers therefore might be enriched in 15 N resulting in overlap in isotope ratios between soil-dwelling detritivores and litter-dwelling predators. By contrast, 13 C content varies little between detritivores in upper litter and in mineral soil, suggesting that they rely on similar basal resources, i.e. little decomposed organic matter. Comparing vertical isotope gradients in animals and in basal resources can be a valuable tool to assess trophic interactions and dynamics of organic matter in soil. As indicated by stable isotope composition, direct feeding on living plant material as well as on mycorrhizal fungi is likely rare among soil invertebrates. Plant carbon is taken up predominantly by saprotrophic microorganisms and channelled to higher trophic levels of the soil food web. However, feeding on photoautotrophic microorganisms and non-vascular plants may play an important role in fuelling soil food webs. The trophic niche of most high-rank animal taxa spans at least two trophic levels, implying the use of a wide range of resources. Therefore, to identify trophic species and links in food webs, low-rank taxonomic identification is required. Despite overlap in feeding strategies, stable isotope composition of the high-rank taxonomic groups reflects differences in trophic level and in the use of basal resources. Different taxonomic groups of predators and decomposers are likely linked to different pools of organic matter in soil, suggesting different functional roles and indicating that trophic niches in soil animal communities are phylogenetically structured. During last two decades studies using stable isotope analysis have elucidated the trophic structure of soil communities, clarified basal food resources of the soil food web and revealed links between above- and belowground ecosystem compartments. Extending the use of stable isotope analysis to a wider range of soil-dwelling organisms, including microfauna, and a larger array of ecosystems provides the perspective of a comprehensive understanding of the structure and functioning of soil food webs.
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              Soja–Manejo integrado de insetos e outros artrópodes‐praga

              B. Hoffmann‐Campo C., I. LORINI, CB Hoffman-Campo … (2012)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): paz
                Title: Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia
                Abbreviated Title: Pap. Avulsos Zool.
                Publisher: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 0031-1049
                ISSN (Electronic): 1807-0205
                Publication date (Print and electronic): 2021
                Volume: 61
                Electronic Location Identifier: e20216188
                Affiliations
                [5] Porto Alegre RS orgnameSecretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura orgdiv1Museu de Ciências Naturais Brasil rott@ 123456fzb.rs.gov.br
                [3] São Leopoldo Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos orgdiv1Laboratório de Diversidade e Sistemática de Arachnida Brazil patiesilva@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [4] Manaus Amazonas orgnameInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia orgdiv1Coordenação de Biodiversidade orgdiv2Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados do Solo Brazil thais.melo20@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Instituto de Biociências Brazil
                [1] São Paulo SP orgnameLaboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas orgdiv1Instituto Butantan Brasil
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0031-10492021000100288 Publisher ID: S0031-1049(21)06100000288
                DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.88
                SO-VID: 5ea13d13-f394-454a-a96f-24ed24ed070c
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date accepted : 04 October 2021
                Date received : 18 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 81, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Subject: Articles

                Keywords: Invasive species,Synanthropic millipedes,Schubart,Oxidus gracilis,Orthomorpha coarctata
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Invasive species, Synanthropic millipedes, Schubart, Oxidus gracilis, Orthomorpha coarctata

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