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      Covid‐19 and personal protective equipment: The experience of nurses engaged in care of Sars‐Cov‐2 patients: A phenomenological study

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Aim

          The study aims to explore the experiences of nurses who have worked in Covid‐19 wards providing care for Covid‐19 patients.

          Background

          During the Covid‐19 pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE) was considered an effective and guaranteed protective measure.

          Methods

          This is a descriptive qualitative study with thematically analysed interviews. Twelve nurses working (specify context) were interviewed.

          Result

          Three themes emerged from interviews: (1) confidence with PPE used during the Covid‐19 crisis, (2) training in the use of PPE and (3) technical requirements for PPE.

          Conclusions

          This study clarified the importance of PPE quality and choice in establishing comfort for nurses and providing better patient care. These results could suggest useful elements to improve the PPE products by making them more comfortable for health care workers.

          Implications for nursing management

          Our results are important to promote and suggest prevention measures that are as comfortable and suitable as possible for health workers involved in the Covid‐19 emergency, and also for potential future similar crises.

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          Most cited references13

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          COVID-19: protecting health-care workers

          The Lancet (2020)
          Worldwide, as millions of people stay at home to minimise transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, health-care workers prepare to do the exact opposite. They will go to clinics and hospitals, putting themselves at high risk from COVID-2019. Figures from China's National Health Commission show that more than 3300 health-care workers have been infected as of early March and, according to local media, by the end of February at least 22 had died. In Italy, 20% of responding health-care workers were infected, and some have died. Reports from medical staff describe physical and mental exhaustion, the torment of difficult triage decisions, and the pain of losing patients and colleagues, all in addition to the infection risk. As the pandemic accelerates, access to personal protective equipment (PPE) for health workers is a key concern. Medical staff are prioritised in many countries, but PPE shortages have been described in the most affected facilities. Some medical staff are waiting for equipment while already seeing patients who may be infected or are supplied with equipment that might not meet requirements. Alongside concerns for their personal safety, health-care workers are anxious about passing the infection to their families. Health-care workers who care for elderly parents or young children will be drastically affected by school closures, social distancing policies, and disruption in the availability of food and other essentials. Health-care systems globally could be operating at more than maximum capacity for many months. But health-care workers, unlike ventilators or wards, cannot be urgently manufactured or run at 100% occupancy for long periods. It is vital that governments see workers not simply as pawns to be deployed, but as human individuals. In the global response, the safety of health-care workers must be ensured. Adequate provision of PPE is just the first step; other practical measures must be considered, including cancelling non-essential events to prioritise resources; provision of food, rest, and family support; and psychological support. Presently, health-care workers are every country's most valuable resource. © 2020 Denis Lovrovic/AFP/Getty Images 2020 Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
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            Barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers’ adherence with infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases: a rapid qualitative evidence synthesis

            Catherine Houghton, Pauline Meskell, Hannah L Delaney … (2020)
            This review is one of a series of rapid reviews that Cochrane contributors have prepared to inform the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. When new respiratory infectious diseases become widespread, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers' adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines becomes even more important. Strategies in these guidelines include the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks, face shields, gloves and gowns; the separation of patients with respiratory infections from others; and stricter cleaning routines. These strategies can be difficult and time-consuming to adhere to in practice. Authorities and healthcare facilities therefore need to consider how best to support healthcare workers to implement them.
            Article 0 comments Cited 297 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              A Guide to Field Notes for Qualitative Research: Context and Conversation.

              Julia Phillippi, Jana Lauderdale (2018)
              Field notes are widely recommended in qualitative research as a means of documenting needed contextual information. With growing use of data sharing, secondary analysis, and metasynthesis, field notes ensure rich context persists beyond the original research team. However, while widely regarded as essential, there is not a guide to field note collection within the literature to guide researchers. Using the qualitative literature and previous research experience, we provide a concise guide to collection, incorporation, and dissemination of field notes. We provide a description of field note content for contextualization of an entire study as well as individual interviews and focus groups. In addition, we provide two "sketch note" guides, one for study context and one for individual interviews or focus groups for use in the field. Our guides are congruent with many qualitative and mixed methodologies and ensure contextual information is collected, stored, and disseminated as an essential component of ethical, rigorous qualitative research.
              Article 0 comments Cited 153 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ignazio Roberto Terranova: Role: Head of Health Care Professions
                Tatiana Bolgeo: Role: Head of Nursing and Allied Health Professions Research Unit
                Roberta Di Matteo: Role: Research Nurserdimatteo@ospedale.al.it
                Denise Gatti: Role: Research Nurse
                Francesca Gambalunga: Role: Researcher
                Antonio Maconi: Role: Director of Research and Innovation Department
                Annamaria Bagnasco:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-8460
                Role: Full Professor
                Milko Zanini: Role: Lecturer and Researcher
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nurs Manag
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Nurs Manag
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2834
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JONM
                Title: Journal of Nursing Management
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 0966-0429
                ISSN (Electronic): 1365-2834
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 October 2022
                Publication date (Print): November 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 11 October 2022
                Volume: 30
                Issue: 8 ( doiID: 10.1111/jonm.v30.8 )
                Pages: 4034-4041
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Presidium City of Alessandria Clinic and Salus Clinic—Monza Polyclinic Alessandria Italy
                [ 2 ] SC Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Department of Research and Innovation National Hospital SS Antonio and Biagio and Cesare Arrigo Alessandria Italy
                [ 3 ] Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’ Rome Italy
                [ 4 ] Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa Genoa Italy
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Roberta Di Matteo, SC Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Department of Research and Innovation, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Via Venezia 16, 15121. Alessandria, Italy.

                Email: rdimatteo@ 123456ospedale.al.it

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-8460
                Article
                Publisher ID: JONM13837
                DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13837
                PMC ID: 9874516
                PubMed ID: 36193022
                SO-VID: 5e922c92-40ad-4a9f-9e9e-67fe6479a913
                Copyright © © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
                License:

                This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

                History
                Date revision received : 15 September 2022
                Date received : 04 May 2022
                Date accepted : 29 September 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Pages: 8, Words: 5710
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article
                Subject: Regular Issue
                Subject: Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date November 2022
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.2.3 mode:remove_FC converted:25.01.2023

                Keywords: covid‐19,nurses,personal protective equipment,safety
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid‐19, nurses, personal protective equipment, safety

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