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      SHOOT AND ROOT EVALUATIONS ON SEEDLINGS FROM Coffea GENOTYPES

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          Abstract

          Roots and shoots from seedlings of 29 coffee genotypes were studied to better characterize the entries from the Coffea germplasm bank of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brasil. The varieties were seeded in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications and 10 plants per plot. The characters evaluated were: plant (PL), shoot (SL) and root (RL) length; total plant (PDM), shoot (SDM), root (RDM) and lateral root (LRDM) dry matter. A lateral root index (LRI) and shoot root dry matter (SRDM = SDM/RDM) and length ratios; (SRL = SL/RL) were calculated. The dwarf varieties (Catuaí, Icatu-caturra, Vila Sarchi, San Ramon, Vila Lobos, São Bernardo) presented higher LRDM and lower SDM than the normal size varieties such as Mundo Novo, Bourbon Vermelho, Arábica, Amarelo de Botucatu, Glaucia, etc. The varieties Macrodiscus, Icatu-caturra, Bourbon Amarelo, Vila Lobos and C. congensis showed higher root development related to shoot. The Arábica coffee standard variety showed intermediary root and shoot development. Genotypes of high yield background were higher in SL and SDM, while the dwarf types had only lower SL than the normal ones, but higher RL and dry matters. Seedlings from genotypes of known higher field drought tolerance had lower SL and RL, but higher RDM. Significant phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients were obtained, such the genotypes for PL and PDM (r = 0.64; P = 0.01), SL and SDM (r = 0.40; P = 0.05), SDM and LRDM (r = 0.52; P = 0.05), RDM and LRI (r = 0.68; P = 0.01), LRI and SRDM (r = 0.85; P = 0.01) and LRI and LRDM (r = 0.84; P = 0.01). High genotypic correlations suggest that selection directed to one character will directly affect the other. Conversely, low or non-significant correlations suggest independence of association, an indication that it would be possible to select two characteristics to diverse directions. Selection could be done towards different goals to change root and shoot measures (length and dry matter) because they were genotypically independent. However, care should be taken in controlling the environmental effects, because of significant positive phenotypic correlations.

          Translated abstract

          Efetuou-se um estudo comparativo do sistema radicular e da parte aérea em plântulas oriundas de 29 genótipos de Coffea do banco de germoplasma do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas. Avaliaram-se as sementes dos genótipos aos 40 dias da germinação ocorrida em estufins de areia lavada. Verificou-se o comprimento total das plantas (PL), da parte aérea (SL) e das raízes (RL), a produção total de matéria seca das plantas (PDM), da parte aérea (SDM), das raízes (RDM) e das raízes laterais (LRDM). Com base nesses dados, calcularam-se relações entre parte aérea e raízes, tanto para comprimento (SRL = SL/RL) quanto para produção de matéria seca (SRDM = SDM/RDM), bem como o índice de raízes laterais (LRI). Observou-se que as variedades de porte baixo (Catuaí, Icatu--caturra, Vila Sarchi, San Ramon, Vila Lobos e São Bernardo) apresentaram maior LRDM e menor SDM do que as de porte normal (Mundo Novo, Bourbon Vermelho, Arábica, Amarelo de Botucatu, Glaucia, etc.). No contexto geral, as variedades Macrodiscus, Icatu-caturra, Bourbon Amarelo, Vila Lobos e C. congensis revelaram maior desenvolvimento do sistema radicular em relação à parte aérea. A variedade Arábica, tomada como padrão, mostrou desenvolvimento médio tanto no sistema radicular como na parte aérea. Genótipos cuja capacidade produtiva é classificada como alta apresentaram SL e SDM mais elevados, enquanto os tipos de porte reduzido tiveram apenas SL menor que os tipos normais, porém RL e matéria seca mais altos. Plântulas de genótipos considerados mais tolerantes à seca demonstraram menor SL e RL, no entanto maior RDM. Entre as correlações genotípicas e fenotípicas calculadas, algumas foram significativas, como as correlações genotípicas entre PL e PDM (r = 0,64; P = 0,01), SL e SDM (r = 0,40; P = 0,05), SDM e LRDM (r = 0,52; P = 0,05), RDM e LRI (r = 0,68; P = 0,01), LRI e SRDM (r = 0,85; P = 0,01) e LRI e LRDM (r = 0,84; P = 0,01). Altas correlações genotípicas sugerem que a seleção dirigida a um caráter irá afetar diretamente o outro, ao passo que correlações não significativas ou baixas sugerem independência de associação, indicando que seria possível selecionar, simulta-neamente, duas características para direções diversas. Nesse caso, haveria possibilidade de alterar medidas de raiz ou parte aérea, haja vista a independência genotípica. Todavia, a indicação de correlações fenotípicas significativas sugere que se deva levar em conta os efeitos ambientes, na escolha do delineamento experimental adequado durante o processo de seleção.

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          Phenotype and drought tolerance in wheat

          E.A. Hurd (1974)
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            O sistema radicular do cafeeiro nos principais tipos de solo do estado de São Paulo

            A new method for the study of the root system of the coffee plant Coffea arabica L. is described. The method consists in excavating a ditch along a row of four plants, 15 cm apart from the trunks. Blocks of soil 30 cm square and varying thickness, depending on the depth from which they were taken, were removed so as to include a complete cross section of the root system. The first three layers were 10 cm thick; the next two layers, 20 cm; the remaining layers (variable in number), 30 cm thick. The roots from each block were washed, air dried and weighed. The data obtained were used to draw the excavation maps as represented in graphics, I, IV, VII, X and XIII. On theses maps each dot represents 0.1 g of roots. A formula is given to estimate the weight of the whole root system, from the data thus obtained. The method just described was used to study the root system of the coffee tree in four different types of soil of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. It is pointed out that the study of the root distribution based on weight alone might lead one to erroneous conclusions, since the first layers contain heavy non-absorbing roots whereas many active roots, light in weight, are located in deeper layers. A much better idea about the root distribution in the soil was obtained by drawing the excavation map on a black cloth in true seale, and then spreading the roots removed from each block soil inside the corresponding place in the map. The pictures of this arrangement are reproduced in fig. IV, V, VI, VII and VIII. The best root distribution was found in the soil "terra-roxa misturada" in the Campinas county (fig. IV). In this soil the roots extend beyond 2.5 m depth and are very' well distributed through the soil. The poorest root distribution was found in the soil "terra-roxa legítima" in the Eibeirão Preto county (fig. V). In this soil the roots are mostly confined to the superficial layers. A study of the soil profiles w r here the trees were growing offered an explanation for the configuration of the root systems; as obtained by the last method. Diagrams of the profiles are given in the text.
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              Transferência do fator caturra para o cultivar Mundo Novo de Coffea arabica

              No presente trabalho são relatados os estudos realizados visando à introdução do gene Ct (caturra) que contribui para reduzir a altura da planta, no cultivar Mundo" Novo de Coffea arabica.Estudaram-se, em ensaios de produtividade, as populações Fv F.,, F3 e F4. Nessas populações e principalmente entre os descendentes dos "caféeiros H 2077-2-5 e H 2077-2-12, foram selecionadas plantas homozigotas para os alelos Ct e também para os alelos responsáveis pela cor do fruto xc ou Xc. Essas combinações foram denominadas 'Catuaí Amarelo' e 'Catuaí Vermelho', respectivamente, e suas características são apresentadas. Os novos cultivares vêm-se mostrando de interesse econômico para as regiões cafeeiras não somente pelo porte pequeno, mas também pela produtividade, pelo vigor vegetativo e pela precocidade.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                brag
                Bragantia
                Bragantia
                Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                0006-8705
                1678-4499
                1997
                : 56
                : 1
                : 59-68
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameCNPq
                [01] orgnameInstituto Agronômico (IAC) orgdiv1 Seção de Genética
                Article
                S0006-87051997000100006 S0006-8705(97)05600106
                10.1590/S0006-87051997000100006
                5db6c611-28b7-4b43-ab6e-163625233676

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 March 1997
                : 18 January 1996
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Plant Genetics and Breeding

                coffee,varieties,seedlings,shoots,roots,Coffea,café,variedades,sistema radicular,parte aérea,plântulas

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