Mercerization effect on the properties of LDPE/PHB composites reinforced with castor cake

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Abstract

Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of mercerization on the structure of castor oil cake (CC) and on the tensile properties of LDPE/PHB/CC composites. To achieve this goal, the fibers were treated with NaOH solutions (5 and 10 wt%). Characterization techniques such as: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to investigate the structure of modified fibers. The composites were processed in a Haake mixer. Tensile tests of the composites were performed according to ASTM D638 standard. The analyzes revealed that mercerization promoted a partial conversion of cellulose I into cellulose II. Mercerization performed with 5% NaOH solution improved the tensile properties of the LDPE/PHB/CC composites, which were superior to those obtained with the 10% NaOH solution. This result suggests that the higher concentration of NaOH compromises the integrity of the fibers, deteriorating the mechanical properties.

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Cellulose crystallinity index: measurement techniques and their impact on interpreting cellulase performance

Sunkyu Park, John Baker, Michael Himmel … (2010)

Although measurements of crystallinity index (CI) have a long history, it has been found that CI varies significantly depending on the choice of measurement method. In this study, four different techniques incorporating X-ray diffraction and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were compared using eight different cellulose preparations. We found that the simplest method, which is also the most widely used, and which involves measurement of just two heights in the X-ray diffractogram, produced significantly higher crystallinity values than did the other methods. Data in the literature for the cellulose preparation used (Avicel PH-101) support this observation. We believe that the alternative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NMR methods presented here, which consider the contributions from amorphous and crystalline cellulose to the entire XRD and NMR spectra, provide a more accurate measure of the crystallinity of cellulose. Although celluloses having a high amorphous content are usually more easily digested by enzymes, it is unclear, based on studies published in the literature, whether CI actually provides a clear indication of the digestibility of a cellulose sample. Cellulose accessibility should be affected by crystallinity, but is also likely to be affected by several other parameters, such as lignin/hemicellulose contents and distribution, porosity, and particle size. Given the methodological dependency of cellulose CI values and the complex nature of cellulase interactions with amorphous and crystalline celluloses, we caution against trying to correlate relatively small changes in CI with changes in cellulose digestibility. In addition, the prediction of cellulase performance based on low levels of cellulose conversion may not include sufficient digestion of the crystalline component to be meaningful.

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Idealized powder diffraction patterns for cellulose polymorphs

Alfred D French (2014)

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Chemical treatments on plant-based natural fibre reinforced polymer composites: An overview

M.M. Kabir, H. Wang, K.T. Lau … (2012)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): po

Title: Polímeros

Abbreviated Title: Polímeros

Publisher: Associação Brasileira de Polímeros (São Carlos, SP, Brazil )

ISSN (Print): 0104-1428

ISSN (Electronic): 1678-5169

Publication date (Print and electronic): 2020

Volume: 30

Issue: 4

Electronic Location Identifier: e2020037

Affiliations

[01] Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Article

Publisher ID: S0104-14282020000400402 Publisher ID: S0104-1428(20)03000400402

DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.07720

SO-VID: 5d716db8-7b0d-44a8-86b0-aa5b88bd5abe

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

History

Date received : 11 August 2020

Date accepted : 26 November 2020

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 57, Pages: 0

Product

SciELO Brazil

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