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      FLUXOS DE ATENDIMENTO EM UM CENTRO OBSTÉTRICO FRENTE À PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA Translated title: FLOWS OF CARE IN AN OBSTETRIC CENTER IN THE FACE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: EXPERIENCE REPORT Translated title: FLUJOS DE ATENCIÓN EN UN CENTRO OBSTÉTRICO FRENTE A LA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: RELATO DE EXPERIENCIA

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: relatar o desenvolvimento e implementação de fluxos para atendimento de gestantes com suspeita ou confirmação de COVID-19 no Centro Obstétrico de um hospital público. Método: estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado em um hospital público de Porto Alegre/RS, referência para atendimento de gestantes com COVID-19. Resultados: descreveram-se fluxos para atendimento à gestante com suspeita ou confirmação de COVID-19 nas seguintes situações: acolhimento e classificação de risco em obstetrícia; indução e/ou trabalho de parto ativo; e cirurgia cesariana. A aplicação dos fluxos descritos possibilitou a organização assistencial e contribuiu para a investigação e diagnóstico precoce de COVID-19, bem como para o controle da transmissão dessa doença em ambiente hospitalar. Considerações finais: a elaboração de fluxos para atendimento de gestantes, no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, é demanda primordial para os serviços de saúde, a fim de organizar e qualificar a assistência, promovendo práticas baseadas em evidências científicas e evitando intervenções e restrições desnecessárias.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: to report the development and implementation of flows to care for pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 at the Obstetric Center of a public hospital. Method: a descriptive study, of the experience report type, carried out in a public hospital in Porto Alegre/RS, a reference for the care of pregnant women with COVID-19. Results: flows to care for pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were described in the following situations: reception and risk classification in obstetrics; induction and/or active childbirth; and cesarean surgery. The application of the described flows made it possible to organize assistance and contributed to the investigation and early diagnosis of COVID-19, as well as to control the transmission of this disease in a hospital environment. Final considerations: the elaboration of flows for the care of pregnant women, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, is a primary demand for health services, in order to organize and qualify the assistance, promoting practices based on scientific evidence and avoiding unnecessary interventions and restrictions.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar el desarrollo y la implementación de flujos para la atención a las gestantes con sospecha o confirmación de COVID-19 en el Centro Obstétrico de un hospital público. Método: estudio descriptivo, del tipo relato de experiencia, realizado en un hospital público de Porto Alegre/RS-Brasil, referencia para atención de gestantes con COVID-19. Resultados: se describieron flujos para la atención a la gestante con sospecha o confirmación de COVID-19 en las siguientes situaciones: acogida y clasificación de riesgo en obstetricia; inducción y/o trabajo de parto activo; y cirugía cesárea. La aplicación de los flujos descriptos posibilitó la organización asistencial y contribuyó para la investigación y el diagnóstico precoz de COVID-19, así como para el control de la transmisión de esta enfermedad en ambiente hospitalario. Consideraciones finales: la elaboración de flujos para la atención de gestantes, en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, es demanda primordial para los servicios de salud, a fin de organizar y calificar la asistencia, promoviendo prácticas basadas en evidencias científicas, evitando intervenciones y restricciones innecesarias.

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          Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: national population based cohort study

          Abstract Objectives To describe a national cohort of pregnant women admitted to hospital with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the UK, identify factors associated with infection, and describe outcomes, including transmission of infection, for mothers and infants. Design Prospective national population based cohort study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS). Setting All 194 obstetric units in the UK. Participants 427 pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 March 2020 and 14 April 2020. Main outcome measures Incidence of maternal hospital admission and infant infection. Rates of maternal death, level 3 critical care unit admission, fetal loss, caesarean birth, preterm birth, stillbirth, early neonatal death, and neonatal unit admission. Results The estimated incidence of admission to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy was 4.9 (95% confidence interval 4.5 to 5.4) per 1000 maternities. 233 (56%) pregnant women admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy were from black or other ethnic minority groups, 281 (69%) were overweight or obese, 175 (41%) were aged 35 or over, and 145 (34%) had pre-existing comorbidities. 266 (62%) women gave birth or had a pregnancy loss; 196 (73%) gave birth at term. Forty one (10%) women admitted to hospital needed respiratory support, and five (1%) women died. Twelve (5%) of 265 infants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, six of them within the first 12 hours after birth. Conclusions Most pregnant women admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection were in the late second or third trimester, supporting guidance for continued social distancing measures in later pregnancy. Most had good outcomes, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to infants was uncommon. The high proportion of women from black or minority ethnic groups admitted with infection needs urgent investigation and explanation. Study registration ISRCTN 40092247.
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            Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy

            The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally at an accelerated rate, with a basic reproduction number (R0) of 2–2.5, indicating that 2–3 persons will be infected from an index patient. A serious public health emergency, it is particularly deadly in vulnerable populations and communities in which healthcare providers are insufficiently prepared to manage the infection. As of March 16, 2020, there are more than 180,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, with more than 7000 related deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been isolated from asymptomatic individuals, and affected patients continue to be infectious 2 weeks after cessation of symptoms. The substantial morbidity and socioeconomic impact have necessitated drastic measures across all continents, including nationwide lockdowns and border closures. Pregnant women and their fetuses represent a high-risk population during infectious disease outbreaks. To date, the outcomes of 55 pregnant women infected with COVID-19 and 46 neonates have been reported in the literature, with no definite evidence of vertical transmission. Physiological and mechanical changes in pregnancy increase susceptibility to infections in general, particularly when the cardiorespiratory system is affected, and encourage rapid progression to respiratory failure in the gravida. Furthermore, the pregnancy bias toward T-helper 2 (Th2) system dominance, which protects the fetus, leaves the mother vulnerable to viral infections, which are more effectively contained by the Th1 system. These unique challenges mandate an integrated approach to pregnancies affected by SARS-CoV-2. Here we present a review of COVID-19 in pregnancy, bringing together the various factors integral to the understanding of pathophysiology and susceptibility, diagnostic challenges with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, therapeutic controversies, intrauterine transmission, and maternal−fetal complications. We discuss the latest options in antiviral therapy and vaccine development, including the novel use of chloroquine in the management of COVID-19. Fetal surveillance, in view of the predisposition to growth restriction and special considerations during labor and delivery, is addressed. In addition, we focus on keeping frontline obstetric care providers safe while continuing to provide essential services. Our clinical service model is built around the principles of workplace segregation, responsible social distancing, containment of cross-infection to healthcare providers, judicious use of personal protective equipment, and telemedicine. Our aim is to share a framework that can be adopted by tertiary maternity units managing pregnant women in the flux of a pandemic while maintaining the safety of the patient and healthcare provider at its core.
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              Neonatal management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observation cohort study

              Summary Background The risk of vertical and perinatal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19), the most appropriate management, and the neonate's risk of developing COVID-19 during the perinatal period are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate best practices regarding infection control in mother–newborn dyads, and identify potential risk factors associated with transmission. Methods In this observational cohort study, we identified all neonates born between March 22 and May 17, 2020, at three New York Presbyterian Hospitals in New York City (NY, USA) to mothers positive for SARS-CoV-2 at delivery. Mothers could practice skin-to-skin care and breastfeed in the delivery room, but had to wear a surgical mask when near their neonate and practice proper hand hygiene before skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and routine care. Unless medically required, neonates were kept in a closed Giraffe isolette in the same room as their mothers, and were held by mothers for feeding after appropriate hand hygiene, breast cleansing, and placement of a surgical mask. Neonates were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by use of real-time PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs taken at 24 h, 5–7 days, and 14 days of life, and were clinically evaluated by telemedicine at 1 month of age. We recorded demographics, neonatal, and maternal clinical presentation, as well as infection control practices in the hospital and at home. Findings Of 1481 deliveries, 116 (8%) mothers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; 120 neonates were identified. All neonates were tested at 24 h of life and none were positive for SARS-CoV-2. 82 (68%) neonates completed follow-up at day 5–7 of life. Of the 82 neonates, 68 (83%) roomed in with the mothers. All mothers were allowed to breastfeed; at 5–7 days of life, 64 (78%) were still breastfeeding. 79 (96%) of 82 neonates had a repeat PCR at 5–7 days of life, which was negative in all; 72 (88%) neonates were also tested at 14 days of life and none were positive. None of the neonates had symptoms of COVID-19. Interpretation Our data suggest that perinatal transmission of COVID-19 is unlikely to occur if correct hygiene precautions are undertaken, and that allowing neonates to room in with their mothers and direct breastfeeding are safe procedures when paired with effective parental education of infant protective strategies. Funding None.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ccs
                Ciência, Cuidado & Saúde
                Ciênc. cuid. saúde
                Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1677-3861
                2021
                : 20
                : e56189
                Affiliations
                [4] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameHNSC Brasil ati.ludwig@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameHNSC Brasil enfschuster@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil gregorio.patuzzi@ 123456hotmail.com
                [3] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameHNSC Brasil simoneritter2907@ 123456gmail.com
                [5] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameHNSC Brasil milaborb@ 123456gmail.com
                [6] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameHNSC Brasil carolinacastilhos@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1677-38612021000100504 S1677-3861(21)02000000504
                10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v20i0.56189
                5d6739e6-6044-4088-a823-689e5a83b459

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 October 2020
                : 26 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Relato de Experiência

                Servicio de Urgencia Hospitalaria,Coronavírus,Obstetrícia,Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência,Complicaciones infecciosas del embarazo,Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez,Coronavirus,Obstetrics,Hospital emergency service,Complications in pregnancy,Obstetricia

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