Revealing the origins of vortex cavitation in a Venturi tube by high speed X-ray imaging

Graphical abstract

Highlights

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  Formation of bubbles during vortex cavitation was visualized by fast X-ray imaging.

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  Vortex cavitation was associated with angulated bubbles rather than spherical bubbles.

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  First type of vortex cavitation originated from fragment of attached cavitation.

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  Second type of vortex cavitation arose from flow downstream of attached cavitation.

Abstract

Hydrodynamic cavitation is useful in many processing applications, for example, in chemical reactors, water treatment and biochemical engineering. An important type of hydrodynamic cavitation that occurs in a Venturi tube is vortex cavitation known to cause luminescence whose intensity is closely related to the size and number of cavitation events. However, the mechanistic origins of bubbles constituting vortex cavitation remains unclear, although it has been concluded that the pressure fields generated by the cavitation collapse strongly depends on the bubble geometry. The common view is that vortex cavitation consists of numerous small spherical bubbles. In the present paper, aspects of vortex cavitation arising in a Venturi tube were visualized using high-speed X-ray imaging at SPring-8 and European XFEL. It was discovered that vortex cavitation in a Venturi tube consisted of angulated rather than spherical bubbles. The tangential velocity of the surface of vortex cavitation was assessed considering the Rankine vortex model.