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      Psychosocial Adjustment Profiles of Gay and Lesbian Individuals Involved in Marital Relations: A Cluster-Based Analysis Translated title: Perfiles de Ajuste Psicosocial de Gays y Lesbianas en Relaciones Conyugales: Un Análisis con Base en Clusters Translated title: Perfis de Ajustamento Psicossocial de Gays e Lésbicas Envolvidos em Relacionamentos Conjugais: Uma Análise Baseada em Clusters

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          Abstract

          Abstract Sexual minorities continue to face stressful environments arising from a heterosexist and homophobic system, endangering their health as well as their relational competence. This study characterizes psychosocial adjustment profiles from gay men and lesbians, verifying their differences according to socio-demographic data and protection factors. For such, 176 self-declared gay and lesbian participants, residents of Fortaleza, Aracaju and Uberaba, with stable marital relationships, responded to the following instruments: Internalized Homophobia Scales, Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire. By using the cluster analytical method, four adaptive patterns were identified: resilient (n = 58); vulnerable (n = 41); competent (n = 43); and poorly adapted (n = 34). The identification of distinct profiles emphasized individual development paths, pointing out directions on how to promote resilience processes among sexual minorities that experienced such internal perception of stigma.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Las minorías sexuales siguen enfrentando ambientes estresantes resultado del sistema heterosexista y homofóbico poniendo en riesgo su salud y su competencia en las relaciones. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los perfiles de ajuste psicosocial de gays y lesbianas, verificando sus diferencias según los datos sociodemográficos y los factores de protección. Para ello, 176 participantes homosexuales y lesbianas autodeclarados, residentes en Fortaleza, Aracaju y Uberaba y que se encontraban en estables relaciones conyugales respondieron los siguientes instrumentos: Escalas de Homofobia Internalizada, Escala de Satisfacción Conyugal y Cuestionario de Salud General. Utilizando el método analítico de cluster se identificaron cuatro estándares adaptativos: resiliente (n = 58); vulnerable (n = 41); competente (n = 43); y mal adaptado (n = 34). Los distintos perfiles identificados mostraron trayectorias de desarrollo singulares, destacando instrucciones sobre cómo promover procesos de resiliencia entre las minorías sexuales que experimentaron la percepción interna del estigma.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Minorias sexuais continuam a enfrentar ambientes estressantes decorrentes do sistema heterossexista e homofóbico, colocando em risco a sua saúde, bem como a sua competência relacional. Esse estudo objetivou caracterizar perfis de ajustamento psicossocial de gays e lésbicas, verificando as suas diferenças de acordo com os dados sociodemográficos e os fatores de proteção. Para tal, 176 participantes autodeclarados gays e lésbicas, residentes de Fortaleza, Aracaju e Uberaba e que viviam relações conjugais estáveis, responderam os seguintes instrumentos: Escalas de Homofobia Internalizada, Escala de Satisfação Conjugal e o Questionário de Saúde Geral. Através do método analítico de cluster quatro padrões adaptativos foram identificados: resiliente (n = 58); vulnerável (n = 41); competente (n = 43); e mal adaptado (n = 34). A identificação de perfis distintos evidenciou trajetórias de desenvolvimento singulares, apontando direções sobre como promover processos de resiliência entre as minorias sexuais que vivenciaram a percepção interna do estigma.

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          Most cited references21

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          The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.

          The broaden-and-build theory describes the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment and love. A key proposition is that these positive emotions broaden an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire: joy sparks the urge to play, interest sparks the urge to explore, contentment sparks the urge to savour and integrate, and love sparks a recurring cycle of each of these urges within safe, close relationships. The broadened mindsets arising from these positive emotions are contrasted to the narrowed mindsets sparked by many negative emotions (i.e. specific action tendencies, such as attack or flee). A second key proposition concerns the consequences of these broadened mindsets: by broadening an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire--whether through play, exploration or similar activities--positive emotions promote discovery of novel and creative actions, ideas and social bonds, which in turn build that individual's personal resources; ranging from physical and intellectual resources, to social and psychological resources. Importantly, these resources function as reserves that can be drawn on later to improve the odds of successful coping and survival. This chapter reviews the latest empirical evidence supporting the broaden-and-build theory and draws out implications the theory holds for optimizing health and well-being.
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            Integrating Family Resilience and Family Stress Theory

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              Conceptualizing and re-evaluating resilience across levels of risk, time, and domains of competence.

              This article examines potential theoretical constraints on resilience across levels of risk, time, and domain of outcome. Studies of resilience are reviewed as they relate to the prevalence of resilience across levels of risk (e.g., single life events vs. cumulative risk), time, and domains of adjustment. Based on a thorough review of pertinent literature, we conclude that resilience, as a global construct, appears to be rare at the highest levels of risk, and that resilience may benefit from a narrower conceptualization focusing on specific outcomes at specific timepoints in development. The implication of this conclusion for future research and intervention efforts is then discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                paideia
                Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)
                Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)
                Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia (Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil )
                0103-863X
                1982-4327
                2020
                : 30
                : e3013
                Affiliations
                [1] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade de Fortaleza Brazil
                Article
                S0103-863X2020000100304 S0103-863X(20)03000000304
                10.1590/1982-4327e3013
                5cbe6cdc-0e65-4ef4-b4c5-f56498470029

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 May 2018
                : 23 January 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Developmental Psychology

                homosexuality,factores de riesgo,homosexualidad,relaciones conyugales,resiliencia (psicología),resiliência (psicologia),fatores de risco,homossexualidade,relações conjugais,resilience (psychology),risk factors,marital relations

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