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      The relationship between healthy eating index and Mediterranean diet adherence score with inflammatory indices and disease severity: a case-control study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

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          Abstract

          Background

          Recent studies have focused on the connection between nutrition, inflammation, and infectious diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the Mediterranean diet adherence score (MDS) and the healthy eating index (HEI) with some clinical findings of patients with COVID-19.

          Methods

          This case–control study was conducted in 29 Bahman hospital of Tabriz, Iran, from June to December 2022. Totally, 300 individuals (150 patients with COVID-19 as cases and 150 subjects who had not affected by COVID-19 as controls) was selected using convenience random sampling method to participate in the study. The 138-items food frequency questionnaire-derived dietary data were applied to compute HEI and MDS. Serum levels of BUN, creatinine and inflammatory markers including the Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured.

          Results

          Both the HEI and MDS of case group was significantly lower than control group ( p < 0.001). The MDS was negatively associated with hospitalization duration ( R=-0.209, P < 0.001) and serum ESR level ( R=-0.420, P < 0.001). A negative relationship was also seen between ESR level and HEI ( R=-0.13, P = 0.017).

          Conclusion

          It is concluded that higher MDS and HEI contribute to lower inflammatory markers and then diminished risk of covid-19 infection.

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          Most cited references32

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          Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study

          Nanshan Chen, Min Zhou, Xuan Dong … (2022)
          Summary Background In December, 2019, a pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China. We aimed to further clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Methods In this retrospective, single-centre study, we included all confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from Jan 1 to Jan 20, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analysed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and radiological features and laboratory data. Outcomes were followed up until Jan 25, 2020. Findings Of the 99 patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia, 49 (49%) had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. The average age of the patients was 55·5 years (SD 13·1), including 67 men and 32 women. 2019-nCoV was detected in all patients by real-time RT-PCR. 50 (51%) patients had chronic diseases. Patients had clinical manifestations of fever (82 [83%] patients), cough (81 [82%] patients), shortness of breath (31 [31%] patients), muscle ache (11 [11%] patients), confusion (nine [9%] patients), headache (eight [8%] patients), sore throat (five [5%] patients), rhinorrhoea (four [4%] patients), chest pain (two [2%] patients), diarrhoea (two [2%] patients), and nausea and vomiting (one [1%] patient). According to imaging examination, 74 (75%) patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 14 (14%) patients showed multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity, and one (1%) patient had pneumothorax. 17 (17%) patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and, among them, 11 (11%) patients worsened in a short period of time and died of multiple organ failure. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection was of clustering onset, is more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, and can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In general, characteristics of patients who died were in line with the MuLBSTA score, an early warning model for predicting mortality in viral pneumonia. Further investigation is needed to explore the applicability of the MuLBSTA score in predicting the risk of mortality in 2019-nCoV infection. Funding National Key R&D Program of China.
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            Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 — Preliminary Report

            Mark Peters (2021)
            Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is associated with diffuse lung damage. Glucocorticoids may modulate inflammation-mediated lung injury and thereby reduce progression to respiratory failure and death. Methods In this controlled, open-label trial comparing a range of possible treatments in patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19, we randomly assigned patients to receive oral or intravenous dexamethasone (at a dose of 6 mg once daily) for up to 10 days or to receive usual care alone. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Here, we report the preliminary results of this comparison. Results A total of 2104 patients were assigned to receive dexamethasone and 4321 to receive usual care. Overall, 482 patients (22.9%) in the dexamethasone group and 1110 patients (25.7%) in the usual care group died within 28 days after randomization (age-adjusted rate ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.93; P<0.001). The proportional and absolute between-group differences in mortality varied considerably according to the level of respiratory support that the patients were receiving at the time of randomization. In the dexamethasone group, the incidence of death was lower than that in the usual care group among patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (29.3% vs. 41.4%; rate ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.81) and among those receiving oxygen without invasive mechanical ventilation (23.3% vs. 26.2%; rate ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.94) but not among those who were receiving no respiratory support at randomization (17.8% vs. 14.0%; rate ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.55). Conclusions In patients hospitalized with Covid-19, the use of dexamethasone resulted in lower 28-day mortality among those who were receiving either invasive mechanical ventilation or oxygen alone at randomization but not among those receiving no respiratory support. (Funded by the Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research and others; RECOVERY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04381936; ISRCTN number, 50189673.)
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              Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review

              W. Joost Wiersinga, Andrew Rhodes, Allen Cheng … (2020)
              The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a worldwide sudden and substantial increase in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease. This review discusses current evidence regarding the pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19.
              Article 0 comments Cited 2531 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Elaheh Foroumandi: elahe.forumandi@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Nutr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Nutr
                Title: BMC Nutrition
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2055-0928
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 December 2024
                Publication date PMC-release: 30 December 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 168
                Affiliations
                [1 ]29 Bahman Hospital, Iranian Social Security Organization, Tabriz, Iran
                [2 ]Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Sciences School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/04krpx645) Tabriz, Iran
                [3 ]Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/05tgdvt16) Sabzevar, Iran
                Article
                Publisher ID: 983
                DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00983-2
                PMC ID: 11686838
                PubMed ID: 39736713
                SO-VID: 5c935db3-719f-421e-921b-5a85046fb5bc
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2024
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 14 June 2024
                Date accepted : 17 December 2024
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024

                Keywords: covid-19,mediterranean diet,healthy eating,inflammation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, mediterranean diet, healthy eating, inflammation

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