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      All-fiber label-free optical fiber biosensors: from modern technologies to current applications [Invited]

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          Abstract

          Biosensors are established as promising analytical tools for detecting various analytes important in biomedicine and environmental monitoring. Using fiber optic technology as a sensing element in biosensors offers low cost, high sensitivity, chemical inertness, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Optical fiber sensors can be used in in vivo applications and multiplexed to detect several targets simultaneously. Certain configurations of optical fiber technology allow the detection of analytes in a label-free manner. This review aims to discuss recent advances in label-free optical fiber biosensors from a technological and application standpoint. First, modern technologies used to build label-free optical fiber-based sensors will be discussed. Then, current applications where these technologies are applied are elucidated. Namely, examples of detecting soluble cancer biomarkers, hormones, viruses, bacteria, and cells are presented.

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          Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries

          Ahmedin Jemal, Lindsey A Torre, Rebecca Siegel … (2018)
          This article provides a status report on the global burden of cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of the total cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal cancer (9.2%), stomach cancer (8.2%), and liver cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high-quality cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence-based cancer control programs, are not available in most low- and middle-income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1-31. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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            Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation

            Douglas Hanahan, Robert A. Weinberg (2011)
            The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors. The hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. Underlying these hallmarks are genome instability, which generates the genetic diversity that expedites their acquisition, and inflammation, which fosters multiple hallmark functions. Conceptual progress in the last decade has added two emerging hallmarks of potential generality to this list-reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction. In addition to cancer cells, tumors exhibit another dimension of complexity: they contain a repertoire of recruited, ostensibly normal cells that contribute to the acquisition of hallmark traits by creating the "tumor microenvironment." Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Breast cancer as a systemic disease: a view of metastasis.

              A J Redig, S McAllister (2013)
              Breast cancer is now the most frequently diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Strategies targeting the primary tumour have markedly improved, but systemic treatments to prevent metastasis are less effective; metastatic disease remains the underlying cause of death in the majority of patients with breast cancer who succumb to their disease. The long latency period between initial treatment and eventual recurrence in some patients suggests that a tumour may both alter and respond to the host systemic environment to facilitate and sustain disease progression. Results from studies in animal models suggest that specific subtypes of breast cancer may direct metastasis through recruitment and activation of haematopoietic cells. In this review, we focus on data implicating breast cancer as a systemic disease. © 2013 The Association for the Publication of the Journal of Internal Medicine.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Opt Express
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Opt Express
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BOE
                Title: Biomedical Optics Express
                Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
                ISSN (Electronic): 2156-7085
                Publication date (Electronic): 08 February 2024
                Publication date Collection: 01 March 2024
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 1453-1473
                Affiliations
                [1 ]National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University , Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
                [2 ]School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University , Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
                [3 ]School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University , Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-1006
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-4964
                Article
                Publisher ID: 515563
                DOI: 10.1364/BOE.515563
                PMC ID: 10942689
                PubMed ID: 38495725
                SO-VID: 5c50fe65-ce07-4c91-bf57-ba5da7adbe47
                Copyright © © 2024 Optica Publishing Group
                License:

                https://doi.org/10.1364/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA

                © 2024 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

                History
                Date received : 11 December 2023
                Date revision received : 16 January 2024
                Date accepted : 26 January 2024
                Funding
                Funded by: Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan
                Award ID: AP14869161
                Funded by: Nazarbayev University 10.13039/501100012632
                Award ID: 20122022FD4134
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences

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