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      The relationships between emerging adults self-efficacy and motivation levels and physical activity: a cross-sectional study based on the self-determination theory

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          The study aims to examine the associations between exercise self-efficacy, motivation, physical activity, and body composition among emerging adults.

          Design

          Cross-sectional.

          Methods

          A convenience sample of 147 emerging adults participated in the Releasing Weight (RELEW) project. The InBody720 analyzer was used to measure body composition, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short, the Shortened Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire were used to measure self-reported physical activity, self-efficacy, and motivation. Structural Equation Modeling was used to exam the complex relationships among multiple variables. in this study. The Partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis with bootstrapping in Smart PLS 3 was employed to explore the path coefficients and t-values for the relationships that were thought to exist. Significance was determined using a threshold of p < 0.05.

          Results

          The mean age of 147 participants was 18.5 ± 1.87, of whom 51.7% were female, recruited for this study. Exercise self-efficacy has a significant positive correlation with exercise motivation ( r = 0.220, p = 0.008) and physical activity ( r = 0.279, p < 0.001). Exercise motivation does not demonstrate significant associations with physical activity ( r = 0.094, p = 0.298). Utilizing SEM, the model explained 9.2% of exercise self-efficacy, 11.8% of physical activity, and 68.3% of body composition variance. Mediation analysis revealed that exercise self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between exercise motivation and physical activity (β = 0.106, t = 2.538, p < 0.05), and physical activity partially mediated the relationship between exercise self-efficacy and body composition (β = −0.296, t = 4.280, p < 0.001).

          Conclusion

          This study sheds light on the complex relationships among motivation, self-efficacy, physical activity and body composition during emerging adulthood. Our results highlight the mediating role of self-efficacy and its impact on physical activity behaviors, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions and policy development to improve health outcomes in this demographic.

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          Most cited references66

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          A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling

          Jörg Henseler, Christian M. Ringle, Marko Sarstedt (2015)
          Article 0 comments Cited 4520 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM

            Joseph Hair, Jeffrey J. Risher, Marko Sarstedt … (2019)
            Article 0 comments Cited 2843 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Comparative fit indexes in structural models.

              P. M. Bentler (1990)
              Normed and nonnormed fit indexes are frequently used as adjuncts to chi-square statistics for evaluating the fit of a structural model. A drawback of existing indexes is that they estimate no known population parameters. A new coefficient is proposed to summarize the relative reduction in the noncentrality parameters of two nested models. Two estimators of the coefficient yield new normed (CFI) and nonnormed (FI) fit indexes. CFI avoids the underestimation of fit often noted in small samples for Bentler and Bonett's (1980) normed fit index (NFI). FI is a linear function of Bentler and Bonett's non-normed fit index (NNFI) that avoids the extreme underestimation and overestimation often found in NNFI. Asymptotically, CFI, FI, NFI, and a new index developed by Bollen are equivalent measures of comparative fit, whereas NNFI measures relative fit by comparing noncentrality per degree of freedom. All of the indexes are generalized to permit use of Wald and Lagrange multiplier statistics. An example illustrates the behavior of these indexes under conditions of correct specification and misspecification. The new fit indexes perform very well at all sample sizes.
              Article 0 comments Cited 2461 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yuexian Tao: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Tao Xu: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2400221/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Xin Wang: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2718736/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role:
                Chengyi Liu: Role:
                Yinyin Wu: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2609701/overviewRole: Role: Role:
                Mingyue Liu: Role: Role:
                Ting Xiao: Role: Role:
                Xinze Qiu: Role: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Psychol.
                Title: Frontiers in Psychology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-1078
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 May 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 15
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1342611
                Affiliations
                [1] 1School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou , Zhejiang, China
                [2] 2Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University , Macao, China
                [3] 3Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou , Zhejiang, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Pedro Morouço, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal

                Reviewed by: Ena Monserrat Romero Pérez, University of Sonora, Mexico

                Jennifer Marie Murray, Queen’s University Belfast, United Kingdom

                *Correspondence: Tao Xu, toddxu1127@ 123456163.com

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1342611
                PMC ID: 11168411
                PubMed ID: 38868357
                SO-VID: 5b83cc55-7206-418a-bed0-72a0fab4e349
                Copyright © Copyright © 2024 Tao, Xu, Wang, Liu, Wu, Liu, Xiao and Qiu.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 22 November 2023
                Date accepted : 06 May 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 7, Equations: 0, References: 66, Pages: 13, Words: 9022
                Funding
                The authors declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the Construction Project of Geriatric Nursing Discipline [ZX13013001002], Hangzhou Normal University School of Nursing “Starlight Program” [2023XG0018] and the Project of Excellent Postgraduate Course Construction Project of Zhejiang Province “Nursing Research Design” [20230315]. This funding source played no role in the study’s design and will play no role in its implementation, analysis, data interpretation, or decision to present results.
                Categories
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Original Research
                Custom metadata
                section-at-acceptance Movement Science

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: emerging adulthood,physical activity,structural equation modeling,self-efficacy,motivation levels,self-determination theory
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: emerging adulthood, physical activity, structural equation modeling, self-efficacy, motivation levels, self-determination theory

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