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      Efecto de los extractos hidro-etanólicos de canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) y cola de caballo (Equisetum arvense L.) sobre la incidencia y severidad de Botrytis cinerea en fresa Translated title: Effect of hydro-ethanolic extracts of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) and common horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) on incidence and severity of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry

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          Abstract

          Se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación de tres dosis (5, 10 y 15 mL/L) y dos frecuencias (cada 6 y 8 días) de extractos etanólicos obtenidos de canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) y cola de caballo (Equisetum arvense L.) sobre la incidencia y severidad de la pudrición gris (Botrytis cinerea) en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria ananassa cv. Albión). El experimento fue conducido en un diseño de bloques al azar con arreglo factorial de 2 x 3 x 2 + 1, con tres repeticiones. Los menores porcentajes de incidencia en flores y frutos (10.24 y 24.43%, respectivamente) fueron observados con la aplicación del extracto de canela con una dosis de 15 mL/L y una frecuencia de aplicación de 6 días. De manera similar, la menor severidad en frutos (11.86%) fue observada con el mismo tratamiento. En general la reducción de la incidencia y severidad de B. cinerea con la aplicación de extracto de cola de caballo fue inferior a los observados con el uso del extracto de canela. De acuerdo con los resultados, el uso de extractos hidro-etanólicos de canela podría ser considerada una alternativa sustentable para el manejo de la pudrición gris en cultivos de fresa.

          Translated abstract

          The effect of application of three dosages (5, 10 and 15 mL/L) and two frequencies (each 6 and 8 days) of ethanoic extracts obtained from cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) and common horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) on incidence and severity of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) on strawberry crop (Fragaria ananassa cv. Albion) was evaluated. Experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with factorial arrangement 2 x 3 x 2 + 1, with three replications. Lower incidence and severity percentage in flower and fruit (10.24 and 24.43%, respectively) were observed after application of cinnamon extract at 15 mL/L at 6 days interval. Similarly, lower fruit severity (11.86%) was observed with the same treatment. In general, reduction in B. cinerea incidence and severity was lower when common horsetail extract was used, compared to cinnamon extracts. According to our results, using of cinnamon hydro-ethanoic extracts could be considered as sustainable alternative for grey mold management in strawberry crops.

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          The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology.

          The aim of this review was to survey all fungal pathologists with an association with the journal Molecular Plant Pathology and ask them to nominate which fungal pathogens they would place in a 'Top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. The survey generated 495 votes from the international community, and resulted in the generation of a Top 10 fungal plant pathogen list for Molecular Plant Pathology. The Top 10 list includes, in rank order, (1) Magnaporthe oryzae; (2) Botrytis cinerea; (3) Puccinia spp.; (4) Fusarium graminearum; (5) Fusarium oxysporum; (6) Blumeria graminis; (7) Mycosphaerella graminicola; (8) Colletotrichum spp.; (9) Ustilago maydis; (10) Melampsora lini, with honourable mentions for fungi just missing out on the Top 10, including Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Rhizoctonia solani. This article presents a short resumé of each fungus in the Top 10 list and its importance, with the intent of initiating discussion and debate amongst the plant mycology community, as well as laying down a bench-mark. It will be interesting to see in future years how perceptions change and what fungi will comprise any future Top 10. © 2012 THE AUTHORS. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY © 2012 BSPP AND BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD.
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            A comparison of chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of cinnamon leaf and bark volatile oils, oleoresins and their constituents.

            The antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial potentials of volatile oils and oleoresin of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (leaf and bark) were investigated in the present study. The oleoresins have shown excellent activity for the inhibition of primary and secondary oxidation products in mustard oil added at the concentration of 0.02% which were evaluated using peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, p-anisidine and carbonyl values. Moreover, it was further supported by other complementary antioxidant assays such as ferric thiocyanate method in linoleic acid system, reducing power, chelating and scavenging effects on 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. In antimicrobial investigations, using inverted petriplate and food poison techniques, the leaf and bark volatile oils has been found to be highly effective against all the tested fungi except Aspergillus ochraceus. However, leaf oleoresin has shown inhibition only for Penicillium citrinum whereas bark oleoresin has caused complete mycelial zone inhibition for Aspergillus flavus and A. ochraceus along with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, P. citrinum and Penicillium viridicatum at 6 microL. Using agar well diffusion method, leaf volatile oil and oleoresin have shown better results in comparison with bark volatile oil, oleoresin and commercial bactericide, i.e., ampicillin. Gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopy studies on leaf volatile oil and oleoresin resulted in the identification of 19 and 25 components, which accounts for the 99.4% and 97.1%, respectively of the total amount and the major component was eugenol with 87.3% and 87.2%, respectively. The analysis of cinnamon bark volatile oil showed the presence of 13 components accounting for 100% of the total amount. (E)-cinnamaldehyde was found as the major component along with delta-cadinene (0.9%), whereas its bark oleoresin showed the presence of 17 components accounting for 92.3% of the total amount. The major components were (E)-cinnamaldehyde (49.9%), along with several other components.
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              Recent Trends in Studies on Botanical Fungicides in Agriculture

              Plants are attacked by various phytopathogenic fungi. For many years, synthetic fungicides have been used to control plant diseases. Although synthetic fungicides are highly effective, their repeated use has led to problems such as environmental pollution, development of resistance, and residual toxicity. This has prompted intensive research on the development of biopesticides, including botanical fungicides. To date, relatively few botanical fungicides have been registered and commercialized. However, many scientists have reported isolation and characterization of a variety of antifungal plant derivatives. Here, we present a survey of a wide range of reported plant-derived antifungal metabolites.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jsab
                Journal of the Selva Andina Biosphere
                J. Selva Andina Biosph.
                Journal of the Selva Andina Biosphere.; Fundación Selva Andina Research Society.; Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bioquímica & Microbiología. (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2308-3859
                2017
                : 5
                : 1
                : 29-38
                Affiliations
                [01] Tungurahua orgnameUniversidad Técnica de Ambato orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Ecuador nd.pazmino@ 123456uta.edu.ec
                Article
                S2308-38592017000100004 S2308-3859(17)00500100004
                5ae83da7-d29b-467e-8461-fa3a0c9b3d2b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : July 2016
                : March 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

                Grey mold,botanical fungicide,sustainable management,Fragaria ananassa,Albión,Pudrición gris,fungicida botánico,manejo sustentable

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