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      Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Evaluation of Manganese (III) Phthalocyanine Sensitized ZnWO 4 (ZnWO 4MnPc) for Bisphenol A Degradation under UV Irradiation

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          Abstract

          ZnWO 4MnPc was synthesized via a hydrothermal autoclave method with 1 wt.% manganese (iii) phthalocyanine content. The material was characterized for its structural and morphological features via X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission emission microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), N 2 adsorption–desorption at 77K, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-visible/diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-vis/DRS). ZnWO 4MnPc photocatalytic performance was tested on the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The ZnWO 4MnPc material removed 60% of BPA after 4 h of 365 nm UV irradiation. Degradation process improved significantly to about 80% removal in the presence of added 5 mM H 2O 2 after 4 h irradiation. Almost 100% removal was achieved after 30 min under 450 nm visible light irradiation in the presence of same concentration of H 2O 2. The effect of ions and humic acid (HA) towards BPA removal was also investigated.

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          Understanding TiO2 photocatalysis: mechanisms and materials.

          Jenny Schneider, Masaya Matsuoka, Masato Takeuchi … (2014)
          Article 0 comments Cited 714 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA).

            Laura Vandenberg, Russ Hauser, Michele Marcus … (2007)
            The plastic monomer and plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. BPA is used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins used in many consumer products. Here, we have outlined studies that address the levels of BPA in human tissues and fluids. We have reviewed the few epidemiological studies available that explore biological markers of BPA exposure and human health outcomes. We have examined several studies of levels of BPA released from consumer products as well as the levels measured in wastewater, drinking water, air and dust. Lastly, we have reviewed acute metabolic studies and the information available about BPA metabolism in animal models. The reported levels of BPA in human fluids are higher than the BPA concentrations reported to stimulate molecular endpoints in vitro and appear to be within an order of magnitude of the levels needed to induce effects in animal models.
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              A review of the environmental fate, effects, and exposures of bisphenol A.

              Charles A. Staples, Philip Dome, Gary M Klecka … (1998)
              Bisphenol A (CAS 85-05-7) may be released into the environment through its use and handling, and permitted discharges. BPA is moderately soluble (120 to 300 mg/L at pH 7), may adsorb to sediment (Koc 314 to 1524), has low volatility, and is not persistent based on its rapid biodegradation in acclimated wastewater treatment plants and receiving waters (half-lives 2.5 to 4 days). BPA is "slightly to moderately" toxic (algal EC50 of 1000 micrograms/L) and has low potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms (BCFs 5 to 68). The chronic NOEC for Daphnia magna is > 3146 micrograms/L. Surface water concentrations are at least one to several orders of magnitude lower than chronic effects, with most levels nondetected.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanomaterials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanomaterials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): nanomaterials
                Title: Nanomaterials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2079-4991
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 October 2020
                Publication date Collection: November 2020
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2139
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; ilknurtatlidil@ 123456ktu.edu.tr (I.A.); zekeriyab@ 123456ktu.edu.tr (Z.B.)
                [2 ]Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; eminb@ 123456ktu.edu.tr
                [3 ]Department of Energy Systems, Faculty of Technology, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; ipolat@ 123456ktu.edu.tr
                [4 ]Laboratory of Chemistry and Materials Technology, General (Core) Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Psachna Campus, 34400 Evia, Greece; vasta@ 123456uoa.gr
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: C.B.Anucha@ 123456ktu.edu.tr
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-3611
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-214X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5134-0246
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-2313
                Article
                Publisher ID: nanomaterials-10-02139
                DOI: 10.3390/nano10112139
                PMC ID: 7693405
                PubMed ID: 33121081
                SO-VID: 5ab46634-04df-4885-b69e-a8ee4b24b809
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 05 October 2020
                Date accepted : 21 October 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: photocatalysis,hydrothermal autoclave,znwo4,manganese (iii) phthalocyanine sensitized znwo4 photocatalyst,emerging contaminants,bisphenol a
                Data availability:
                Keywords: photocatalysis, hydrothermal autoclave, znwo4, manganese (iii) phthalocyanine sensitized znwo4 photocatalyst, emerging contaminants, bisphenol a

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