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      Relationship between the nutritional status of banana plants and black sigatoka severity in the Magdalena region of Colombia Translated title: Relación entre estado nutricional de plantas de banano y la severidad de sigatoka negra en el Magdalena - Colombia

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          Abstract

          The association between the severity (average percentage of infection-API) by Mycosphaerella fijiensisMorelet and the plant nutrient content in the banana growing zone of the department of Magdalena (Colombia) was established. Between 2011 and 2012, the foliar contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Cu, Fe, B, Zn, and Mn were determined in sectors with high, medium, and low incidences in order to establish their relationships with the API. Severity was determined with the Stover and Dickson methodology, modified by Gauhl for bananas, in order to obtain sanitary information for the zone. With the obtained data, a correlation analysis was completed and the ordination technique was utilized to establish the relationships between farms and variables using an Euclidean distance. The differences between the farms and years were estimated with a two way analysis of variance with permutations and a canonical discrimination analysis in order to differentiate the farms using the measured foliar variables. The results highlighted the importance of the appropriate and balanced management of site-specific nutritional plans for the management of black sigatoka.

          Translated abstract

          En la zona bananera del departamento del Magdalena (Colombia), se determinó la asociación entre parámetros nutricionales y la severidad (porcentaje promedio de infección-PPI) producido por Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. Entre 2011 y 2012 en sectores de alta, media y baja incidencia del patógeno, se determinó contenidos foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Cu, Fe, B, Zn y Mn para establecer su relación con el PPI. La severidad se determinó con la metodología de Stover y Dickson, modificado por Gauhl para banano, obteniéndose información sanitaria de la zona. Con los datos se realizó análisis de correlación, se empleó la técnica de ordenación para establecer las relaciones entre fincas y variables mediante la distancia euclidiana. Las diferencias entre fincas y años se estimaron mediante análisis de varianza a dos vías con permutaciones y análisis discriminante canónico para determinar las diferencias entre fincas a partir de las variables foliares medidas. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la importancia del manejo sitio-específico de planes nutricionales adecuados y balanceados para reducir la severidad de la sigatoka negra.

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          The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants

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            Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the black leaf streak pathogen of banana: progress towards understanding pathogen biology and detection, disease development, and the challenges of control.

            Banana (Musa spp.) is grown throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The fruits are a key staple food in many developing countries and a source of income for subsistence farmers. Bananas are also a major, multibillion-dollar export commodity for consumption primarily in developed countries, where few banana cultivars are grown. The fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis causes black leaf streak disease (BLSD; aka black Sigatoka leaf spot) on the majority of edible banana cultivars grown worldwide. The fact that most of these cultivars are sterile and unsuitable for the breeding of resistant lines necessitates the extensive use of fungicides as the primary means of disease control. BLSD is a significant threat to the food security of resource-poor populations who cannot afford fungicides, and increases the environmental and health hazards where large-acreage monocultures of banana (Cavendish subgroup, AAA genome) are grown for export. Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. Morelet is a sexual, heterothallic fungus having Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Morelet) Deighton as the anamorph stage. It is a haploid, hemibiotrophic ascomycete within the class Dothideomycetes, order Capnodiales and family Mycosphaerellaceae. Its taxonomic placement is based on DNA phylogeny, morphological analyses and cultural characteristics. Mycosphaerella fijiensis is a leaf pathogen that causes reddish-brown streaks running parallel to the leaf veins, which aggregate to form larger, dark-brown to black compound streaks. These streaks eventually form fusiform or elliptical lesions that coalesce, form a water-soaked border with a yellow halo and, eventually, merge to cause extensive leaf necrosis. The disease does not kill the plants immediately, but weakens them by decreasing the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, causing a reduction in the quantity and quality of fruit, and inducing the premature ripening of fruit harvested from infected plants. Although Musa spp. are the primary hosts of M. fijiensis, the ornamental plant Heliconia psittacorum has been reported as an alternative host. Several valuable tools and resources have been developed to overcome some of the challenges of studying this host-pathogen system. These include a DNA-mediated fungal transformation system and the ability to conduct targeted gene disruptions, reliable quantitative plant bioassays, diagnostic probes to detect and differentiate M. fijiensis from related pathogens and to distinguish strains of different mating types, and a genome sequence that has revealed a wealth of gene sequences and molecular markers to be utilized in functional and population biology studies. http://bananas.bioversityinternational.org/, http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Mycfi2/Mycfi2.home.html, http://www.isppweb.org/names_banana_pathogen.asp#fun, http://www.promusa.org/. © 2010 THE AUTHOR. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY © 2010 BSPP AND BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD.
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              Marschner´s mineral nutrition of higher plants

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                agc
                Agronomía Colombiana
                Agron. colomb.
                Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Agronomía
                0120-9965
                December 2015
                : 33
                : 3
                : 348-355
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad del Magdalena Colombia
                [2 ] Universidad del Magdalena Colombia
                Article
                S0120-99652015000300008
                10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n3.51900
                5a8e5b06-a757-4168-8ceb-5f240ea5a4db

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0120-9965&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                Mycosphaerella fijiensisMorelet,Musa sp.,manejo integrado de enfermedades,análisis de tejido foliar,integrated disease management,leaf tissue analysis

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