Histaminergic System and Vestibular Function in Normal and Pathological Conditions

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Abstract

Most neurotransmitter systems are represented in the central and peripheral vestibular system and are thereby involved both in normal vestibular signal processing and the pathophysiology of vestibular disorders. However, there is a special relationship between the vestibular system and the histaminergic system. The purpose of this review is to document how the histaminergic system interferes with normal and pathological vestibular function. In particular, we will discuss neurobiological mechanisms such as neuroinflammation that involve histamine to modulate and allow restoration of balance function in the situation of a vestibular insult. These adaptive mechanisms represent targets of histaminergic pharmacological compounds capable of restoring vestibular function in pathological situations. The clinical use of drugs targeting the histaminergic system in various vestibular disorders is critically discussed.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major cause of death and disability in developed countries. Brain injuries are highly heterogeneous and can also trigger other neurological complications, including epilepsy, depression and dementia. The initial injury often leads to the development of secondary sequelae; cellular hyperexcitability, vasogenic and cytotoxic oedema, hypoxia-ischaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation, all of which influence expansion of the primary lesion. It is widely known that inflammatory events in the brain following TBI contribute to the widespread cell death and chronic tissue degeneration. Neuroinflammation is a multifaceted response involving a number of cell types, both within the CNS and in the peripheral circulation. Astrocytes and microglia, cells of the CNS, are considered key players in initiating an inflammatory response after injury. These cells are capable of secreting various cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, and following injury to the CNS, undergo changes in morphology. Ultimately, these changes can influence the local microenvironment and thus determine the extent of damage and subsequent repair. This review will focus on the roles of microglia and astrocytes following TBI, highlighting some of the key processes, pathways and mediators involved in this response. Additionally, both the beneficial and the detrimental aspects of these cellular responses will be examined using evidence from animal models and human post-mortem TBI studies.

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Elegant sensory structures in the inner ear have evolved to measure head motion. These vestibular receptors consist of highly conserved semicircular canals and otolith organs. Unlike other senses, vestibular information in the central nervous system becomes immediately multisensory and multimodal. There is no overt, readily recognizable conscious sensation from these organs, yet vestibular signals contribute to a surprising range of brain functions, from the most automatic reflexes to spatial perception and motor coordination. Critical to these diverse, multimodal functions are multiple computationally intriguing levels of processing. For example, the need for multisensory integration necessitates vestibular representations in multiple reference frames. Proprioceptive-vestibular interactions, coupled with corollary discharge of a motor plan, allow the brain to distinguish actively generated from passive head movements. Finally, nonlinear interactions between otolith and canal signals allow the vestibular system to function as an inertial sensor and contribute critically to both navigation and spatial orientation.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Curr Neuropharmacol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Curr Neuropharmacol

Journal ID (publisher-id): CN

Title: Current Neuropharmacology

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

ISSN (Print): 1570-159X

ISSN (Electronic): 1875-6190

Publication date (Electronic): 19 March 2024

Publication date (Print): 2024

Volume: 22

Issue: 11

Pages: 1826-1845

Affiliations

[1 ] Aix Marseille Université-CNRS , deptLaboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives , LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, deptGroupe de Recherche Vertige (GDR#2074, ), France ;

[2 ] deptNormandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON , CHU Caen , 14000, , Caen , France;

[3 ] deptDepartment of Neurology , LMU University Hospital , Munich, , Germany;

[4 ] deptGerman Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders , LMU University Hospital , Munich, , Germany

Author notes

[* ]Address correspondence to this author at the Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France, Groupe de Recherche Vertige (GDR#2074); Fax: +33413550869; E-mail: brahim.tighilet@ 123456univ-amu.fr

Article

Publisher ID: CN-22-1826

DOI: 10.2174/1570159X22666240319123151

PMC ID: 11284731

PubMed ID: 38504566

SO-VID: 5a772752-58ff-4f12-8c2d-ead8a8e2571d

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History

Date received : 13 June 2023

Date revision received : 20 September 2023

Date accepted : 13 October 2023

Histaminergic System and Vestibular Function in Normal and Pathological Conditions

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Abstract

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Most cited references 209

The contribution of astrocytes and microglia to traumatic brain injury.

Vestibular system: the many facets of a multimodal sense.

Microglia contribute to normal myelinogenesis and to oligodendrocyte progenitor maintenance during adulthood

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